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Tam O\u27 Shanter
Tam O\u27Shanter. A Taleby Robert Burns When chapman billies leave the street, And drouthy neebors neebors meet, As market-days are wearing late, And folk begin to tak the gate; While we sit bousin, at the nappy, And gettin fou and unco happy, We think na on the lang Scots miles, The mosses, waters, slaps, and stiles, That lie between us and our hame, Whare sits our sulky, sullen dame, Gathering her brows like gathering storm, Nursing her wrath to keep it warm. This truth fand honest Tam o\u27 Shanter, As he frae Ayr ae night did canter: (Auld Ayr, wham ne\u27er a town surpasses, For honest men and bonie lasses.) O Tam! had\u27st thou but been sae wise As taen thy ain wife Kate\u27s advice! She tauld thee weel thou was a skellum, A bletherin, blusterin, drunken blellum; That frae November till October, Ae market-day thou was na sober; That ilka melder wi\u27 the miller, Thou sat as lang as thou had siller; That ev\u27ry naig was ca\u27d a shoe on, The smith and thee gat roarin fou on; That at the Lord\u27s house, ev\u27n on Sunday, Thou drank wi\u27 Kirkton Jean till Monday. She prophesied, that, late or soon, Thou would be found deep drown\u27d in Doon; Ot catch\u27d wi\u27 warlocks in the mirk, By Alloway\u27s auld haunted kirk. Ah, gentle dames! it gars me greet, To think how mony counsels sweet, How mony lengthen\u27d sage advices, The husband frae the wife despises! But to our tale:—Ae market night, Tam had got planted unco right, Fast by an ingle, bleezing finely, Wi\u27 reaming swats that drank divinely; And at his elbow, Souter Johnie, His ancient, trusty, drouthy crony: Tam lo\u27ed him like a vera brither; They had been fou for weeks thegither. The night drave on wi\u27 sangs and clatter; And ay the ale was growing better: The landlady and Tam grew gracious Wi\u27 secret favours, sweet, and precious: The souter tauld his queerest stories; The landlord\u27s laugh was ready chorus: The storm without might rair and rustle, Tam did na mind the storm a whistle. Care, mad to see a man sae happy, E\u27en drown\u27d himsel amang the nappy: As bees flee hame wi\u27 lades o\u27 treasure, The minutes wing\u27d their way wi\u27 pleasure; Kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious, O\u27er a\u27 the ills o\u27 life victorious! But pleasures are like poppies spread, You seize the flow\u27r, its bloom is shed; Or like the snow falls in the river, A moment white—then melts forever; Or like the borealis race, That flit ere you can point their place; Or like the rainbow\u27s lovely form Evanishing amid the storm. Nae man can tether time or tide: The hour approaches Tam maun ride,— That hour, o\u27 night\u27s black arch the key-stane That dreary hour he mounts his beast in; And sic a night he taks the road in, As ne\u27er poor sinner was abroad in. The wind blew as \u27twad blawn its last; The rattling show\u27rs rose on the blast; The speedy gleams the darkness swallow\u27d; Loud, deep, and lang the thunder bellow\u27d: That night, a child might understand, The Deil had business on his hand. Weel mounted on his grey mare, Meg,— A better never lifted leg,— Tam skelpit on thro\u27 dub and mire, Despising wind and rain and fire; Whiles holding fast his guid blue bonnet, Whiles crooning o\u27er some auld Scots sonnet, Whiles glowrin round wi\u27 prudent cares, Lest bogles catch him unawares. Kirk-Alloway was drawing nigh, Whare ghaists and houlets nightly cry. By this time he was cross the ford, Whare in the snaw the chapman smoor\u27d; And past the birks and meikle stane, Whare drucken Charlie brak\u27s neckbane: And thro\u27 the whins, and by the cairn, Whare hunters fand the murder\u27d bairn; And near the thorn, aboon the well, Whare Mungo\u27s mither hang\u27d hersel. Before him Doon pours all his floods; The doubling storm roars thro\u27 the woods; The lightnings flash from pole to pole, Near and more near the thunders roll; When, glimmering thro\u27 the groaning trees, Kirk-Alloway seem\u27d in a bleeze: Thro\u27 ilka bore the beams were glancing, And loud resounded mirth and dancing. Inspiring bold John Barleycorn! What dangers thou can\u27st make us scorn! Wi\u27 tippenny we fear nae evil; Wi\u27 usquebae we\u27ll face the devil! The swats sae ream\u27d in Tammie\u27s noddle, Fair play, he car\u27d na deils a boddle. But Maggie stood right sair astonish\u27d, Till, by the heel and hand admonish\u27d, She ventur\u27d forward on the light; And, wow! Tam saw an unco sight! Warlocks and witches in a dance; Nae cotillion brent-new frae France, But hornpipes, jigs, strathspeys, and reels Put life and mettle in their heels. A winnock bunker in the east, There sat Auld Nick in shape o\u27 beast: A towzie tyke, black, grim, and large, To gie them music was his charge; He screw\u27d the pipes and gart them skirl, Till roof and rafters a\u27 did dirl.— Coffins stood round like open presses, That shaw\u27d the dead in their last dresses; And by some devilish cantraip sleight Each in its cauld hand held a light, By which heroic Tam was able To note upon the haly table A murderer\u27s banes in gibbet airns; Twa span-lang, wee, unchristen\u27d bairns; A thief, new-cutted frae the rape— Wi\u27 his last gasp his gab did gape; Five tomahawks, wi\u27 blude red-rusted; Five scimitars, wi\u27 murder crusted; A garter, which a babe had strangled; A knife, a father\u27s throat had mangled, Whom his ain son o\u27 life bereft— The grey hairs yet stack to the heft; Wi\u27 mair o\u27 horrible and awfu\u27, Which ev\u27n to name wad be unlawfu\u27. As Tammie glowr\u27d, amaz\u27d and curious, The mirth and fun grew fast and furious: The piper loud and louder blew, The dancers quick and quicker flew; They reel\u27d, they set, they cross\u27d, they cleekit Till ilka carlin swat and reekit And coost her duddies to the wark And linket at it in her sark! Now Tam, O Tam! had thae been queans, A\u27 plump and strapping in their teens! Their sarks, instead o\u27 creeshie flannen, Been snaw-white seventeen hunder linen!— Thir breeks o\u27 mine, my only pair, That ance were plush, o\u27 gude blue hair, I wad hae gien them aff y hurdies, For ae blink o\u27 the bonie burdies! But wither\u27d beldams, auld and droll, Rigwoodie hags wad spean a foal, Lowping and flinging on a crummock. I wonder didna turn thy stomach. But Tam ken\u27d what was what fu\u27 brawlie; There was ae winsom wench and walie, That night enlisted in the core (Lang after ken\u27d on Carrick shore. For mony a beast to dead she shot, And perish\u27d mony a bonie boat, And shook baith meikle corn and bear, And kept the country-side in fear); Her cutty sark o\u27 Paisley harn, That while a lassie she had worn, In longitude tho\u27 sorely scanty, It was her best, and she was vauntie. Ah! little ken\u27d thy reverend grannie, That sark she coft for her wee Nannie, Wi\u27 twa pund Scots (\u27twas a\u27 her riches), Wad ever grac\u27d a dance of witches! But here my Muse her wing maun cow\u27r, Sic flights are far beyond her pow\u27r; To sing how Nannie lap and flang, (A souple jad she was and strang), And how Tam stood like ane bewitch\u27d, And thought his very een enrich\u27d; Even Satan glowr\u27d and fidg\u27d fu\u27 fain, And hotch\u27d and blew wi\u27 might and main: Till first ae caper, syne anither, Tam tint his reason a\u27 thegither, And roars out, Weel done, Cutty-sark! And in an instant all was dark: And scarcely had he Maggie rallied, When out the hellish legion sallied. As bees bizz out wi\u27 angry fyke, When plundering herds assail their byke; As open pussie\u27s mortal foes, When, pop! she starts before their nose; As eager runs the market-crowd, When Catch the thief! resounds aloud; So Maggie runs, the witches follow, Wi\u27 mony an eldritch skriech and hollo. Ah, Tam! ah, Tam! thou\u27ll get thy fairin! In hell they\u27ll roast thee like a herrin! In vain thy Kate awaits thy comin! Kate soon will be a woefu\u27 woman! Now, do thy speedy utmost, Meg, And win the key-stane of the brig: There at them thou thy tail may toss, A running stream they dare na cross. But ere the key-stane she could make, The fient a tail she had to shake! For Nannie far before the rest, Hard upon noble Maggie prest, And flew at Tam wi\u27 furious ettle; But little wist she Maggie\u27s mettle— Ae spring brought aff her master hale But left behind her ain grey tail: The carlin claught her by the rump, And left poor Maggie scarce a stump. Now, wha this tale o\u27 truth shall read, Ilk man and mother\u27s son, take heed, Whene\u27er to drink you are inclin\u27d, Or cutty-sarks run in your mind, Think, ye may buy the joys o\u27er dear, Remember Tam o\u27 Shanter\u27s mear
Endocannabinoid Regulation of Learned Fear Inhibition
Post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety-related disorders are characterised by impaired extinction and symptom relapse. Preclinical research into fear and extinction learning provides a translatable model for clinical settings. The endocannabinoid system is involved in extinction learning. However, research regarding endocannabinoid metabolism inhibition in extinction impairment and fear relapse is lacking. Spontaneous fear recovery, the return of learned fear over time after successful extinction, models fear relapse. Immediate extinction following fear conditioning impairs later extinction recall. Male Lister Hooded rats underwent Pavlovian fear conditioning in paradigms of spontaneous fear recovery or immediate extinction. The endocannabinoid metabolism inhibitors, URB597 or JZL184 (which increase the levels of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, respectively) were administered intraperitoneally before or after extinction training depending on the paradigm. A positive control experiment used the b-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol, in the immediate extinction paradigm. Neither URB597 nor JZL184 prevented fear relapse, nor did they rescue extinction impairments. A high dose of JZL184 acutely impaired immediate extinction acquisition. Propranolol acutely reduced baseline freezing prior to extinction training, facilitated immediate extinction acquisition, but did not rescue extinction impairment. These results suggest that endocannabinoid metabolism inhibition may not affect fear relapse and extinction impairment within the current paradigms. However, factors such as drug timing (e.g., when treatment occurred in relation to behavioural training or testing) and rat characteristics (e.g., strain, sex, and age) may have affected the results. Future research should address these potential confounds to assess the potential benefit of endocannabinoid metabolism inhibition in fear relapse and impaired extinction
Tam O\u27Shanter
Man riding horse over stone bridge; House and trees in backgroundhttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/5040/thumbnail.jp
The Magellanic System: What have we learnt from FUSE?
I review some of the findings on the Magellanic System produced by the Far
Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) during and after its eight years of
service. The Magellanic System with its high-velocity complexes provides a
nearby laboratory that can be used to characterize phenomena that involve
interaction between galaxies, infall and outflow of gas and metals in galaxies.
These processes are crucial for understanding the evolution of galaxies and the
intergalactic medium. Among the FUSE successes I highlight are the coronal gas
about the LMC and SMC, and beyond in the Stream, the outflows from these
galaxies, the discovery of molecules in the diffuse gas of the Stream and the
Bridge, an extremely sub-solar and sub-SMC metallicity of the Bridge, and a
high-velocity complex between the Milky Way and the Clouds.Comment: A contributed paper to the FUSE Annapolis Conference "Future
Directions in Ultraviolet Spectroscopy.", 5 pages. To appear as an AIP
Conference Proceedin
Tracking The Post-BBN Evolution Of Deuterium
The primordial abundance of deuterium produced during Big Bang
Nucleosynthesis (BBN) depends sensitively on the universal ratio of baryons to
photons, an important cosmological parameter probed independently by the Cosmic
Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. Observations of deuterium in
high-redshift, low-metallicity QSO Absorption Line Systems (QSOALS) provide a
key baryometer, determining the baryon abundance at the time of BBN to a
precision of 5%. Alternatively, if the CMB-determined baryon to photon ratio is
used in the BBN calculation of the primordial abundances, the BBN-predicted
deuterium abundance may be compared with the primordial value inferred from the
QSOALS, testing the standard cosmological model. In the post-BBN universe, as
gas is cycled through stars, deuterium is only destroyed so that its abundance
measured anytime, anywhere in the Universe, bounds the primordial abundance
from below. Constraints on models of post-BBN Galactic chemical evolution
follow from a comparison of the relic deuterium abundance with the
FUSE-inferred deuterium abundances in the chemically enriched, stellar
processed material of the local ISM.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the Future
Directions in Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Conferenc
Intergalactic Baryons in the Local Universe
Simulations predict that shocks from large-scale structure formation and
galactic winds have reduced the fraction of baryons in the warm, photoionized
phase (the Lya forest) from nearly 100% in the early universe to less than 50%
today. Some of the remaining baryons are predicted to lie in the warm-hot
ionized medium (WHIM) phase at T=10^5-10^7 K, but the quantity remains a highly
tunable parameter of the models. Modern UV spectrographs have provided
unprecedented access to both the Lya forest and potential WHIM tracers at z~0,
and several independent groups have constructed large catalogs of far-UV IGM
absorbers along ~30 AGN sight lines. There is general agreement between the
surveys that the warm, photoionized phase makes up ~30% of the baryon budget at
z~0. Another ~10% can be accounted for in collapsed structures (stars,
galaxies, etc.). However, interpretation of the ~100 high-ion (OVI, etc)
absorbers at z<0.5 is more controversial. These species are readily created in
the shocks expected to exist in the IGM, but they can also be created by
photoionization and thus not represent WHIM material. Given several pieces of
observational evidence and theoretical expectations, I argue that most of the
observed OVI absorbers represent shocked gas at T~300,000 K rather than
photoionized gas at T<30,000 K, and they are consequently valid tracers of the
WHIM phase. Under this assumption, enriched gas at T=10^5-10^6 K can account
for ~10% of the baryon budget at z<0.5, but this value may increase when bias
and incompleteness are taken into account and help close the gap on the 50% of
the baryons still "missing".Comment: Invited review to appear in "Future Directions in Ultraviolet
Spectroscopy", Oct 20-22, 2008, Annapolis, MD, M. E. Van Steenberg, ed.
(April 2009). 8 pages, five figure
The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and the Future of Ultraviolet Astronomy
I describe the capabilities of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, scheduled for
May 2009 installation on the Hubble Space Telescope. With a factor-of-ten
increase in far-UV throughput for moderate resolution spectroscopy, COS will
enable a range of scientific programs that study hot stars, AGN, and gas in the
interstellar medium, intergalactic medium, and galactic halos. We also plan a
large-scale HST Spectroscopic Legacy Project for QSO absorption lines, galactic
halos, and AGN outflows. Studies of next-generation telescopes for UV/O
astronomy are now underway, including small, medium, and large missions to fill
the imminent ten-year gap between the end of Hubble and a plausible launch of
the next large mission. Selecting a strategy for achieving these goals will
involve hard choices and tradeoffs in aperture, wavelength, and capability.Comment: To appear in Future Directions in Ultraviolet Astronomy (AIP Conf
Proc
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