Separation of Different Contributions to the Total X-ray Luminosity in Gamma-ray Loud Blazars

The relativistic beaming model has been successfully used to explain many of the observational properties of active galactic nuclei. In this model the total emission is formed by two components, one beamed, one unbeamed. However, the exact contribution from each component in unresolved sources is still not clear. In the radio band, the core and extended emissions are clearly separated. We adopt the method proposed by Kembhavi to separate the two contributions in the X-ray emissions in a sample of 19 gamma-ray loud blazars. It is clearly shown that the beamed emission dominates the X-ray flux and the unbeamed X-ray emission is correlated with the extended radio emission of the considered objects. We also find that the ratio of the beamed to the unbeamed X-ray luminosity is correlated with the X-ray spectral index, an effect that should be a consequence of the underlying X-ray emission mechanism.Fil: Fan, Jun Hui. Guangzhou University. Center for Astrophysics; ChinaFil: Romero, Gustavo Esteban. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; ArgentinaFil: Wang, Yong Xiang. College of Science and Trade; ChinaFil: Zhang, Jiang Shui. Guangzhou University. Center for Astrophysics; Chin

An Analysis of Thickness-shear Vibrations of an Annular Plate with the Mindlin Plate Equations

The Mindlin plate equations with the consideration of thickness-shear deformation as an independent variable have been used for the analysis of vibrations of quartz crystal resonators of both rectangular and circular types. The Mindlin or Lee plate theories that treat thickness-shear deformation as an independent higher-order vibration mode in a coupled system of two-dimensional variables are the choice of theory for analysis. For circular plates, we derived the Mindlin plate equations in a systematic manner as demonstrated by Mindlin and others and obtained the truncated two-dimensional equations of closely coupled modes in polar coordinates. We simplified the equations for vibration modes in the vicinity of fundamental thickness-shear frequency and validated the equations and method. To explore newer structures of quartz crystal resonators, we utilized the Mindlin plate equations for the analysis of annular plates with fixed inner and free outer edges for frequency spectra. The detailed analysis of vibrations of circular plates for the normalized frequency versus dimensional parameters provide references for optimal selection of parameters based on the principle of strong thickness-shear mode and minimal presence of other modes to enhance energy trapping through maintaining the strong and pure thickness-shear vibrations insensitive to some complication factors such as thermal and initial stresses.Comment: Paper to be presented to the 2015 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and European Frequency and Time Forum, Denver, CO, USA. April 12-16, 201

Mutational bias of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus in the context of host anti-viral gene silencing

Plant Dicer-like (DCL) enzymes exhibit a GC-preference during anti-viral post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), delivering an evolutionary selection pressure resulting in plant viruses with GC-poor genomes. However, some viruses, e.g. Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus (TYMV, genus Tymovirus) have GC-rich genomes, raising the question as to whether or not DCL derived selection pressure affects these viruses. In this study we analyzed the virus-derived small interfering RNAs from TYMV-infected leaves of Brassica juncea showed that the TYMV population accumulated a mutational bias with AU replacing GC (GC–AU), demonstrating PTGS pressure. Interestingly, at the highly polymorphic sites the GC–AU bias was no longer observed. This suggests the presence of an unknown mechanism preventing mutational drift of the viral population and maintaining viral genome stability, despite the host PTGS pressure

Application of stratified emulsion splitting technology in highly hard nuclear cataract surgery

AIM:To explore safety and effectiveness of stratified emulsion splitting technology in highly hard nuclear cataract ultrasonic emulsification. METHODS: Totally 43 cases(47 eyes)of highly hard nuclear cataract was performed cataract extraction combined IOL implantation with stratified emulsion splitting cataract ultrasonic emulsification technology. RESULTS:Postoperative visual acuity 1 day, 1 week and 1 month best-corrected visual acuity ≥0.5 was accounted for 70.21%, 87.23% and 89.36%. Intraoperative capsule rupture was found in 2 eyes. Corneal mild edema was found in 7 eyes(14.89%)after the first l day post-operation. CONCLUSION:Stratified emulsion splitting technique has a practical application with little tissue damage, low capsular rupture rate and few complications for highly hard nuclear cataract patients and can bring a desirable outcome