60 research outputs found

    Data encoding efficiency in pixel detector readout with charge information

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    The average minimum number of bits needed for lossless readout of a pixel detector is calculated, in the regime of interest for particle physics where only a small fraction of pixels have a non-zero value per frame. This permits a systematic comparison of the readout efficiency of different encoding imple- mentations. The calculation is compared to the number of bits used by the FE-I4 pixel readout chip of the ATLAS experiment.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

    Expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 mRNA in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and in carotid artery after balloon angioplasty

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    AbstractMonocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) is a CC chemokine that functions in chemoattraction and activation of monocytes, T lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. The activation of the target cells by MCP-3 is via specific chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR3, of which CCR2 is shared with MCP-1. MCP-1 and CCR2 have been implicated in vascular diseases including atherosclerosis and restenosis, that are known to be involved in inflammation (accumulation of T lymphocytes and monocytes) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) activation (proliferation, migration and matrix deposition). To investigate a potential role of MCP-3 in vascular injury, the present work examined its mRNA expression in rat aortic SMCs stimulated with various inflammatory stimuli including LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TGF-β. A time- and concentration-dependant induction of MCP-3 mRNA in SMCs was observed by means of Northern analysis. A strikingly similar expression profile was observed for MCP-3 and MCP-1 mRNA in SMCs. Furthermore, MCP-3 mRNA expression was induced in rat carotid artery after balloon angioplasty. A significant induction in MCP-3 mRNA was observed in the carotid artery at 6 h (41-fold increase over control, P<0.001), 1 day (13-fold increase, P<0.001) and 3 days (6-fold increase, P<0.01) after balloon angioplasty as quantitated by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. These data provide evidence for the cytokine-induced expression of MCP-3 in SMCs and in carotid artery after balloon angioplasty, suggesting a potential role of MCP-3 in the pathogenesis of restenosis and atherosclerosis

    Characterization of human cysteine-rich protein, a member of the lim/double zinc-finger family, as a primary response gene

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    Human cysteine-rich protein (hCRP) is a highly conserved and widely distributed 23.4 kDa zinc finger protein. The unusual zinc fingers of hCRP constitute a highly characteristic 52 amino acid motif referred to as the LIM/double zinc finger motif, (CXXC-X\sb{17-19}HXXC)-XX-(CXXC-X\sb{16-20}-CXXC/D/H), shared with a number of proteins that are involved in transcriptional regulation and/or developmental control: mouse/rat cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP), rhombotin, rIsl-1, lin-11, mec-3, and Xlim-1. The characterization of crp as a primary response gene to serum stimulation in quiescent mouse and human cells suggests that crp may play a regulatory role in the cell cycle. The crp mRNA induction profile is remarkably parallel to that of c-myc in both human and mouse cell lines upon serum stimulation. The 5\sp\prime-flanking sequence of the hcrp gene that shares several cis-regulatory elements with c-myc and other immediate early genes, and the parallel increases of the CRP protein with RNA levels upon serum stimulation further support the functional role of crp in the G\sb0 to S phase transition. The failure of hcrp promoter function assays to define a serum response element in the 5\sp\prime-flanking region may suggest a complicated regulatory mechanism for c-myc type immediate early genes. The cloning and characterization of the 23.2 kb hcrp gene, and the assignment of hcrp to human chromosome 1q24-1q32 provide valuable information for the future study of the biological function of this gene. Taking advantage of these primary studies, we found that crp may be involved in the oncogenesis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in our initial survey of B-cell ALL patients with chromosomal rearrangements in 1q21-1q32

    Momentum-space formulae for AdS correlators for diverse theories in diverse dimensions

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    Abstract In this paper, we explore correlators of a series of theories in anti-de Sitter space: we present comprehensive results for interactions involving scalars, gluons, and gravitons in multiple dimensions. One aspect of our investigation is the establishment of an intriguing connection between the kinematic factors of these theories; indeed, such a connection directly relates these theories among themselves and with other theories of higher spin fields. Besides providing several explicit results throughout the paper, we also highlight the interconnections and relationships between these different theories, providing valuable insights into their similarities and distinctions
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