289 research outputs found

    Uniform Estimates for Eulerian-Lagrangian Methods for Singularly Perturbed Time-Dependent Problems

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    We prove a priori optimal-order error estimates in a weighted energy norm for several Eulerian–Lagrangian methods for singularly perturbed, time-dependent convection-diffusion equations with full regularity. The estimates depend only on certain Sobolev norms of the initial and right-hand side data, but not on ε or any norm of the true solution, and so hold uniformly with respect to ε. We use the interpolation of spaces and stability estimates to derive an ε-uniform estimate for problems with minimal or intermediate regularity, where the convergence rates are proportional to certain Besov norms of the initial and right-hand side data

    Significant wave height forecasting based on the hybrid EMD-SVM method

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    1957-1962Prediction of significant wave height (SWH) is considered an effective method in marine engineering and prevention of marine disasters. Support vector machine (SVM) model has limitations in processing nonlinear and non-stationary SWH time series. Fortunately, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) can effectively deal with the complicated series. So, the SWH prediction method based on EMD and SVM is proposed by combining the advantages of both methods. A statistical analysis was carried out to compare the results of two models i.e., between the hybrid EMD-SVM and SVM. In addition, two models are used for forecasting SWH with 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours lead times, respectively. A high R value of different prediction times for the hybrid model. Results indicate that SWH prediction of the hybrid EMD-SVM model is superior to the SVM model

    C-Procgen: Empowering Procgen with Controllable Contexts

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    We present C-Procgen, an enhanced suite of environments on top of the Procgen benchmark. C-Procgen provides access to over 200 unique game contexts across 16 games. It allows for detailed configuration of environments, ranging from game mechanics to agent attributes. This makes the procedural generation process, previously a black-box in Procgen, more transparent and adaptable for various research needs.The upgrade enhances dynamic context management and individualized assignments, while maintaining computational efficiency. C-Procgen's controllable contexts make it applicable in diverse reinforcement learning research areas, such as learning dynamics analysis, curriculum learning, and transfer learning. We believe that C-Procgen will fill a gap in the current literature and offer a valuable toolkit for future works

    Optimal dividend and capital injection under spectrally positive Markov additive models

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    This paper studies De Finetti's optimal dividend problem with capital injection under spectrally positive Markov additive models. Based on dynamic programming principle, we first study an auxiliary singular control problem with a final payoff at an exponential random time. The double barrier strategy is shown to be optimal and the optimal barriers are characterized in analytical form using fluctuation identities of spectrally positive Levy processes. We then transform the original problem under spectrally positive Markov additive models into an equivalent series of local optimization problems with the final payoff at the regime-switching time. The optimality of the regime-modulated double barrier strategy can be confirmed for the original problem using results from the auxiliary problem and the fixed point argument for recursive iterations.Comment: Keywords: Spectrally positive Levy process, regime switching, De Finetti's optimal dividend, capital injection, double barrier strategy, singular contro

    On De Finetti's control under Poisson observations: optimality of a double barrier strategy in a Markov additive model

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    In this paper we consider the De Finetti's optimal dividend and capital injection problem under a Markov additive model. We assume that the surplus process before dividends and capital injections follows a spectrally positive Markov additive process. Dividend payments are made only at the jump times of an independent Poisson process. Capitals are required to be injected whenever needed to ensure a non-negative surplus process to avoid bankruptcy. Our purpose is to characterize the optimal periodic dividend and capital injection strategy that maximizes the expected total discounted dividends subtracted by the total discounted costs of capital injection. To this end, we first consider an auxiliary optimal periodic dividend and capital injection problem with final payoff under a single spectrally positive L\'evy process and conjecture that the optimal strategy is a double barrier strategy. Using the fluctuation theory and excursion-theoretical approach of the spectrally positive L\'evy process and the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman inequality approach of the control theory, we are able to verify the conjecture that some double barrier periodic dividend and capital injection strategy solves the auxiliary problem. With the results for the auxiliary control problem and a fixed point argument for recursive iterations induced by the dynamic programming principle, the optimality of a regime-modulated double barrier periodic dividend and capital injection strategy is proved for our target control problem.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.0266

    Optimal portfolio under ratio-type periodic evaluation in incomplete markets with stochastic factors

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    This paper studies a type of periodic utility maximization for portfolio management in an incomplete market model, where the underlying price diffusion process depends on some external stochastic factors. The portfolio performance is periodically evaluated on the relative ratio of two adjacent wealth levels over an infinite horizon. For both power and logarithmic utilities, we formulate the auxiliary one-period optimization problems with modified utility functions, for which we develop the martingale duality approach to establish the existence of the optimal portfolio processes and the dual minimizers can be identified as the "least favorable" completion of the market. With the help of the duality results in the auxiliary problems and some fixed point arguments, we further derive and verify the optimal portfolio processes in a periodic manner for the original periodic evaluation problems over an infinite horizon.Comment: 28 pages, 33 conferenc

    Efficient kk-Clique Listing: An Edge-Oriented Branching Strategy

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    kk-clique listing is a vital graph mining operator with diverse applications in various networks. The state-of-the-art algorithms all adopt a branch-and-bound (BB) framework with a vertex-oriented branching strategy (called VBBkC), which forms a sub-branch by expanding a partial kk-clique with a vertex. These algorithms have the time complexity of O(km(δ/2)k2)O(k m (\delta/2)^{k-2}), where mm is the number of edges in the graph and δ\delta is the degeneracy of the graph. In this paper, we propose a BB framework with a new edge-oriented branching (called EBBkC), which forms a sub-branch by expanding a partial kk-clique with two vertices that connect each other (which correspond to an edge). We explore various edge orderings for EBBkC such that it achieves a time complexity of O(δm+km(τ/2)k2)O(\delta m + k m (\tau/2)^{k-2}), where τ\tau is an integer related to the maximum truss number of the graph and we have τ<δ\tau < \delta. The time complexity of EBBkC is better than that of VBBkC algorithms for k>3k>3 since both O(δm)O(\delta m) and O(km(τ/2)k2)O(k m (\tau/2)^{k-2}) are bounded by O(km(δ/2)k2)O(k m (\delta/2)^{k-2}). Furthermore, we develop specialized algorithms for sub-branches on dense graphs so that we can early-terminate them and apply the specialized algorithms. We conduct extensive experiments on 19 real graphs, and the results show that our newly developed EBBkC-based algorithms with the early termination technique consistently and largely outperform the state-of-the-art (VBBkC-based) algorithms.Comment: This paper has been accepted by SIGMOD 202

    Can the Black Lives Matter Movement Reduce Racial Disparities? Evidence from Medical Crowdfunding

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    Using high-frequency donation records from a major medical crowdfunding site and careful difference-in-difference analysis, we demonstrate that the 2020 BLM surge decreased the fundraising gap between Black and non-Black beneficiaries by around 50\%. The reduction is largely attributed to non-Black donors. Those beneficiaries in counties with moderate BLM activities were most impacted. We construct innovative instrumental variable approaches that utilize weekends and rainfall to identify the global and local effects of BLM protests. Results suggest a broad social movement has a greater influence on charitable-giving behavior than a local event. Social media significantly magnifies the impact of protests

    The Adaptive Market Hypothesis:An empirical study on the UK stock market

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    This paper uses the FTSE 350 daily data and subsample method to detect the Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH) in the UK stock market. We performed a range of linear and nonlinear tests on sixteen two-yearly subsamples to capture the time-varying characteristic of market efficiency from 1987 to 2018. Both linear and nonlinear test results provide evidence that the market efficiency is not an all-or-nothing condition, and stock returns experience predictable and unpredictable periods. In addition, we find there is a downward trend for the January effect in the UK stock market during the sample period. Meanwhile, the analysis result suggests that AMH based on its more realistic assumptions provides a better explanation of the January effect than the Efficient Market Hypothesis
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