Thermal Spin Orbit Torque with Dresselhaus Spin Orbit Coupling

Based on the spinor Boltzmann equation, we obtain a temperature dependent thermal spin-orbit torque in terms of the local equilibrium distribution function in a two dimensional ferromagnet with Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. We also derive the continuity equation of spin accumulation and spin current, the spin diffusion equation in Dresselhaus ferromagnet, which contains the thermal spin orbit torque under local equilibrium assumption. This temperature dependent thermal spin-orbit torque originates from the temperature gradient applied to the system. it is also sensitive to temperature due to the local equilibrium distribution function therein. In the spin diffusion equation, we can single out the usual spin-orbit torque as well as the spin transfer torque, which is conceded to our previous results. Finally, we illustrate them by an example of spin-polarized transport through a ferromagnet with Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling driven by temperature gradient, those torques including thermal spin-orbit torque are demonstrated numerically.Comment: 19pages,6figure

Optically-Nonactive Assorted Helices Array with Interchangeable Magnetic/Electric Resonance

We report here the designing of optically-nonactive metamaterial by assembling metallic helices with different chirality. With linearly polarized incident light, pure electric or magnetic resonance can be selectively realized, which leads to negative permittivity or negative permeability accordingly. Further, we show that pure electric or magnetic resonance can be interchanged at the same frequency band by merely changing the polarization of incident light for 90 degrees. This design demonstrates a unique approach to construct metamaterial.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Impaired response to Listeria in H2-M3–deficient mice reveals a nonredundant role of MHC class Ib–specific T cells in host defense

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecule H2-M3 primes the rapid expansion of CD8+ T cells by presenting N-formylated bacterial peptides. However, the significance of H2-M3–restricted T cells in host defense against bacteria is unclear. We generated H2-M3–deficient mice to investigate the role of H2-M3 in immunity against Listeria monocytogenes (LM), a model intracellular bacterial pathogen. H2-M3–deficient mice are impaired in early bacterial clearance during primary infection, with diminished LM-specific CD8+ T cell responses and compromised innate immune functions. Although H2-M3–restricted CD8+ T cells constitute a significant proportion of the anti-listerial CD8+ T cell repertoire, the kinetics and magnitude of MHC class Ia–restricted T cell responses are not altered in H2-M3–deficient mice. The fact that MHC class Ia–restricted responses cannot compensate for the H2-M3–mediated immunity suggests a nonredundant role of H2-M3 in the protective immunity against LM. Thus, the early H2-M3–restricted response temporally bridges the gap between innate and adaptive immune responses, subsequently affecting the function of both branches of the immune system

Graphene exfoliation in organic solvents and switching solubility in aqueous media with the aid of amphiphilic block copolymers.

The successful exfoliation of graphite to graphene sheets in liquid phase via tip sonication was achieved. A number of solvents were examined for several time periods and it was found that o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) and N-methyl-1,2-pyrolidone (NMP) are ideal solvents to exfoliate graphite and produce stable 10 dispersions of graphene. The exfoliated graphene dispersions were characterized by complementary techniques including AFM, DLS, TGA and Raman. Furthermore, treatment of stable dispersions of exfoliated graphene sheets in NMP with poly[styrene-b-(2-vinylpyridine)] block copolymer, under acidic conditions, resulted on aqueous solubilization of graphene. Similar results were obtained, i.e. transfer of graphene from the organic to the aqueous phase, when poly(isoprene-b-acrylic acid) block copolymer was 15 added on exfoliated graphene in NMP

catena-Poly[[(3-methyl­sulfanyl-1,2,4-thia­diazole-5-thiol­ato)sodium]di-μ-aqua-κ4 O:O]

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Na(C3H3N2S3)(H2O)2]n, features polymeric chains made up of O⋯O edge-shared NaSN(H2O)4 units running along the b axis. The Na+ ion and all non-H atoms of the thia­diazole ligand lie on a mirror plane

Preparation of a Counter Electrode with P

This study investigates the applicability of a counter electrode with a P-type semiconductor oxide (such as NiO) on a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The counter electrode is fabricated by depositing an NiO film on top of a Pt film, which has been deposited on a Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass using an ion-sputtering coater (or E-beam evaporator), using a simple spin coating method. This study also examines the effect of the average thickness of TiO2 film deposited on a working electrode upon the power conversion efficiency of a DSSC. This study shows that the power conversion efficiency of a DSSC with a Pt(E)/NiO counter electrode (4.28%) substantially exceeds that of a conventional DSSC with a Pt(E) counter electrode (3.16%) on which a Pt film was deposited using an E-beam evaporator. This result is attributed to the fact that the NiO film coated on the Pt(E) counter electrode improves the electrocatalytic activity of the counter electrode

18F-FDG PET/CT-based gross tumor volume definition for radiotherapy in head and neck Cancer: a correlation study between suitable uptake value threshold and tumor parameters

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To define a suitable threshold setting for gross tumor volume (GTV) when using ¹⁸Fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomogram (PET/CT) for radiotherapy planning in head and neck cancer (HNC).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fifteen HNC patients prospectively received PET/CT simulation for their radiation treatment planning. Biological target volume (BTV) was derived from PET/CT-based GTV of the primary tumor. The BTVs were defined as the isodensity volumes when adjusting different percentage of the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax), excluding any artifact from surrounding normal tissues. CT-based primary GTV (C-pGTV) that had been previously defined by radiation oncologists was compared with the BTV. Suitable threshold level (sTL) could be determined when BTV value and its morphology using a certain threshold level was observed to be the best fitness of the C-pGTV. Suitable standardized uptake value (sSUV) was calculated as the sTL multiplied by the SUVmax.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our result demonstrated no single sTL or sSUV method could achieve an optimized volumetric match with the C-pGTV. The sTL was 13% to 27% (mean, 19%), whereas the sSUV was 1.64 to 3.98 (mean, 2.46). The sTL was inversely correlated with the SUVmax [sTL = -0.1004 Ln (SUVmax) + 0.4464; R²= 0.81]. The sSUV showed a linear correlation with the SUVmax (sSUV = 0.0842 SUVmax + 1.248; R²= 0.89). The sTL was not associated with the value of C-pGTVs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In PET/CT-based BTV for HNC, a suitable threshold or SUV level can be established by correlating with SUVmax rather than using a fixed threshold.</p