20 research outputs found

    Gradient Echo scan of the phantom 1 st set

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    This zip archive contains phantom images (nifti format), using a Gradient Echo pulse sequence, corresponding to the 1st of 4 repetitions (sets). Each set consists of 30 slices across the entire phantom. The phantom is rotated once after the 2nd set to simulate a BOLD-GRE fMRI scan

    Signal behavior within and across slices from TSE scan (TE = 154 ms).

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    <p>For each slice, the mean value for the 1.4% agar compartment is slightly higher than that for the 1.6% agar concentration as expected. The signal behavior reflects the coil sensitivity as well as the phantom uniformity.</p

    An example of 2D EPI image set obtained using the phantom.

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    <p>TR/TE/FA = 4000ms/30ms/90°, matrix = 64x64, number of slices = 30, voxel size = 3.52mm x 3.52mm, slice thickness = 5 mm. The outer slices show distortion as evidenced by the curved partitions and signal loss due to the drop off in coil sensitivity.</p

    Plot of Jaccard index across slices.

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    <p>The index values represents the relative warping of the various images compared to the rescaled center slice MPRAGE image. A value of 1 represents minimal deviation compared to the corresponding MPRAGE image. A) EPI TE = 21ms, B) EPI TE = 60 ms, C) EPI TE = 115ms, and D) GRE TE = 30ms. A significant drop off in the index is seen in the outer slices of the EPI images, which worsens with longer echo times as expected.</p

    Mean T<sub>1</sub>/T<sub>2</sub> values measured at three different slice positions from the two adjacent wedge compartments containing 1.4% and 1.6% agar.

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    <p>Mean T<sub>1</sub>/T<sub>2</sub> values measured at three different slice positions from the two adjacent wedge compartments containing 1.4% and 1.6% agar.</p

    CNR and CV<sub>CNR</sub> dependence on slice position for EPI scans.

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    <p>A) CNR<sub>mean</sub> and B) CVcnr plotted across phantom slices for EPI scans at various echo times (TR/TE/FA = 4000ms/21ms-115ms/90°, matrix = 64x64). There is a greater variation of CNR in EPI images compared to the GRE (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143172#pone.0143172.g006" target="_blank">Fig 6</a>) across the slices and within the slices.</p

    Twist1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation through Up-Regulation of FoxM1

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    <div><p>Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1), also known as class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 38 (bHLHa38), has been implicated in cell lineage determination and differentiation. Previous studies demonstrate that Twist1 expression is up-regulated in gastric cancer with poor clinical outcomes. Besides, Twist1 is suggested to be involved in progression of human gastric cancer. However, its biological functions remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we show that Twist 1 overexpression leads to a significant up-regulation of FoxM1, which plays a key role in cell cycle progression in gastric cancer cells. In contrast, knockdown of Twist 1 reduces FoxM1 expression, suggesting that FoxM1 might be a direct transcriptional target of Twist 1. At the molecular level, we further reveal that Twist 1 could bind to the promoter region of FoxM1, and subsequently recruit p300 to induce FoxM1 mRNA transcription. Therefore, our results uncover a previous unknown Twist 1/FoxM1 regulatory pathway, which may help to understand the mechanisms of gastric cancer proliferation.</p> </div

    Twist 1 overexpression promotes gastric cell proliferation.

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    <div><p>(A-B) Representative western blot analysis of Twist 1 expression in NCI-N87 (A) or AGS (B) cells transfected with adenoviruses expressing empty vector (EV) or Twist 1.</p> <p>(C-D) The growth curve of NCI-N87 (C) or AGS (D) cells cells transfected with empty vector (EV) or Twist 1.</p> <p>(E-F) The cell proliferative potential (BrdU) was determined in NCI-N87 (E) or AGS (F) cells transfected with empty vector (EV) or Twist 1.</p> <p>(G-H) The cell cycle phase of NCI-N87 (G) and AGS (H) cells transfected with empty vector (EV) or Twist 1 was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cells were labeled for 15 min with PI and immediately analyzed by flow cytometry. Histograms represent the percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle (G0/G1, S and G2/M).</p></div

    FoxM1 expression in gastric cancer cells overexpressing Twist 1.

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    <div><p>(A-B) Quantitative real-time PCR (A) and western blot (B) analysis of FoxM1, FoxO1, Stat3, p53 and E2F1 expression in NCI-N87 cells transfected with adenoviruses expressing empty vector (EV) or Twist 1.</p> <p>(C-D) Quantitative real-time PCR (C) and western blot (D) analysis of Twist 1 expression in NCI-N87 cells transfected with adenoviruses expressing empty vector (EV) or Twist 1.</p></div

    Twist 1 promotes FoxM1 promoter activity through recruiting p300.

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    <div><p>(A) Diagram of the Twist 1-binding site in the human FoxM1 promoter (1kb) and two FoxM1 luciferase reporters. WT-Luc: wild-type luciferase reporter; Mut-Luc: luciferase reporter carrying point mutations of Twist 1 binding site. Mutations were underlined.</p> <p>(B) Activation of FoxM1 luciferase reporters by Twist 1 in NCI-N87 cells.</p> <p>(C) The binding of Twist 1 on the promoter regions of human FoxM1 gene were analyzed by ChIP assays and quantified by real-time PCR. The region containing -2000 to -1800 bp were used as a negative control. </p> <p>(D) Co-immunoprecipitation of p300 and Twist 1 in NCI-N87 cells.</p> <p>(E) Activation of FoxM1 luciferase reporters by Twist 1 and p300 in NCI-N87 cells.</p> <p>(F) Representative western blot analysis of p300 expression in NCI-N87 cells transfected with siRNA targeting p300 or negative control (Ctrl).</p> <p>(G-H) Quantitative real-time PCR (G) and western blot (H) analysis of FoxM1 expression in NCI-N87 cells transfected with adenoviruses expressing empty vector (EV) or Twist 1. Cells were pre-transfected with siRNA oligos targeting p300 or negative control siRNA (Ctrl) for 24 hours.</p></div
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