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fractional coordinates
This the table for fractional coordinates of atoms under different pressures
Supplementary document for Hyperspectral Image Super-resolution via Multi-stage Scheme without Employing Spatial Degradation - 6039757.pdf
The supplement document of the mainfil
Emission Factors, Size Distributions, and Emission Inventories of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter from Residential Wood Combustion in Rural China
Published emission factors (EFs) often vary significantly,
leading
to high uncertainties in emission estimations. There are few reliable
EFs from field measurements of residential wood combustion in China.
In this study, 17 wood fuels and one bamboo were combusted in a typical
residential stove in rural China to measure realistic EFs of particulate
matter (PM), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC), as well
as to investigate the influence of fuel properties and combustion
conditions on the EFs. Measured EFs of PM, OC, and EC (EF<sub>PM</sub>, EF<sub>OC</sub>, and EF<sub>EC</sub>, respectively) were in the
range of 0.38–6.4, 0.024–3.0, and 0.039–3.9 g/kg
(dry basis), with means and standard derivation of 2.2 ± 1.2,
0.62 ± 0.64, and 0.83 ± 0.69 g/kg, respectively. Shrubby
biomass combustion produced higher EFs than tree woods, and both species
had lower EFs than those of indoor crop residue burning (<i>p
< </i>0.05). Significant correlations between EF<sub>PM</sub>, EF<sub>OC</sub>, and EF<sub>EC</sub> were expected. By using a
nine-stage cascade impactor, it was shown that size distributions
of PM emitted from tree biomass combustions were unimodal with peaks
at a diameter less than 0.4 μm (PM<sub>0.4</sub>), much finer
than the PM from indoor crop residue burning. Approximately 79.4%
of the total PM from tree wood combustion was PM with a diameter less
than 2.1 μm (PM<sub>2.1</sub>). PM size distributions for shrubby
biomasses were slightly different from those for tree fuels. On the
basis of the measured EFs, total emissions of PM, OC, and EC from
residential wood combustion in rural China in 2007 were estimated
at about 303, 75.7, and 92.0 Gg