Infection counts and Infection status of hosts across age class

Data sheet Count: Count=number of infections; Lineage=Cyt b parasite lineage, PWHB=parasite weighted host breadth index; Host=Host species (Aves); Sample=total number of host sampled per species, Cat.type=4 levels: s= specialist parasite on their host, sp=spillover of specialist to non-target host, gs=generalist parasite on host with a specialist, gg=generalist host on host without specialist. Data sheet: agehb Age=host age, 2 levels AHY=after hatch-year, HY=hatch year; Species=4 letter alpha code for host species

Parasite cytb alignment

Parasite cytb alignment file. Outgroup species begin with "O" and are followed by their GenBank ID

Bird RAG-1 alignment

Bird RAG-1 alignment file. Outgroup species begin with "out" and are followed by their GenBank ID

GenBank ID numbers

GenBank IDs of associate bird species and parasite lineages used in the phylogenetic specificity indices

Interaction Matrices and species-level specialization values

Interaction matrices of birds and malaria parasites in the two study sites. Also provided are sample sizes (N), the number of associates (degree), species-level specialization (d’), and phylogenetic species-level specialization (wMPD). We placed “TI” in front of each lineage number from Tiputini to distinguish these from “OZ” lineages and an “H” or a “P” in front of each lineage name to distinguish between Haemoproteus and Plasmodium. An “L” is placed after lineage names consisting of more than one haplotype

Habitat modification and seasonality influence avian haemosporidian parasite distributions in southeastern Brazil - Fig 2

<p><b>Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showing bird (a) and parasite (b) community dissimilarities among successional stages.</b> Bird communities were dissimilar between pasture and non-pasture areas (ANOSIM; R = 0.98; P < 0.01), but there was no difference in parasite dissimilarity (ANOSIM; R = 0.1; P = 0.25).</p

Map of Mata Seca State Park in Minas Gerais, Brazil, showing the sampling areas.

<p>Geographic coordinates from the sampling points: Early stages: 14°50'58.00"S, 44° 0'28.00"W; 14°50'57.00"S, 44°0'14.00"W; 14°50'57.11"S, 43°59'58.82"W. Intermediate stages: 14°50'58.00"S, 43°58'42.00"O; 14°50'56.21"S, 43°58'50.15"O; 14°50'52.00"S, 43°58'49.00" W. Late stages: 14°50'56.74"S, 43°59'40.51"W; 14°50'54.70"S, 14°50'51.79"S, 43°59'17.89"W; 43°58'1.53"W. Pasture areas: 14°51'27.09"S, 43°57'20.41"W; 14°51'0.35"S, 43°57'32.24"W; 14°50'59.42"S, 43°57'4.39"W.</p

Effect of body mass (log transformed) on probability of infection for six parasite taxa.

<p>Shaded areas about the regression lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Points were jittered for ease of viewing but may represent only zero or one.</p

Distribution of the prevalence of six parasite taxa by elevation (m above sea level).

<p>Distribution of the prevalence of six parasite taxa by elevation (m above sea level).</p

Bayesian phylogenetic tree showing lineages detected in the pasture and non-pasture areas, and in the rainy and dry seasons.

<p>Posterior probabilities and nucleotide changes (scale bar) are shown. <i>Leucocytozoon schoutedeni</i> represents the outgroup.</p