The Impact of Forensic vs. Social-Science Evidence on Judicial Decisions to Grant a Writ of Habeas Corpus

Wrongful conviction is a serious dilemma for the criminal-justice system. A joint investigation by the Better Government Association and the Center on Wrongful Convictions tracked exonerations from 1989 through 2010 and identified 85 people who were wrongfully incarcerated.1 Not only were those 85 lives unfairly affected in serious ways due to the incarceration, but the actual perpetrators continued on crime sprees that went on to include 14 murders, 11 sexual assaults, 10 kidnappings, and at least 62 other felonies.2 The reversal of false convictions is becoming more frequent.3 However, scholars have asserted that the exonerations that do occur are probably a small fraction of actual wrongful convictions. Gross and colleagues pointed out that “[o]ur legal system places great weight on the finality of criminal convictions. Courts and prosecutors are exceedingly reluctant to reverse judgments or reconsider closed cases; when they do—and it’s rare—it’s usually because of a compelling showing of error.”4 Therefore, in order for a wrongful conviction to be overturned, these cases must undergo a lengthy appeals process

Títulos de anticuerpos contra Leptospira sp., en primates del zoológico Matecaña, Pereira, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar los serovares más frecuentes de Leptospira sp., por la técnica de Microaglutinación (MAT) en una población de primates neotropicales, mantenida en condiciones de cautiverio, y evaluar por microscopía de campo oscuro la presencia de espiroquetas en aguas para el consumo de los animales. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de punto en 65 monos neotropicales, mediante la técnica de Microaglutinación Macroscópica (MAT) usando un cepario de referencia conformado por 21 serovares de Leptospira sp., y la observación de espiroquetas en el agua mediante microscopía de campo oscuro. Resultados. La seroprevalencia de Leptospira sp., en los monos neotropicales fue del 41.5% (27/65). Los serovares de Leptospira Autumnalis (25%), Ranarum (22.9%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (12.5%), Pomona (12.5%) y Australis (10.4%) fueron los más aglutinados por los sueros. Los monos ardilla (Saimiri sciureus), lanudo (Lagothrix lagotricha) y tití pielroja (Saguinus oedipus) fueron seronegativos. Se observaron espiroquetas en el agua evaluada. Conclusiones. Se evidencia la circulación de Leptospira sp., en el zoológico, siendo necesario la implementación de estrategias de vigilancia epidemiológica activa y programas de promoción

Self-organisation and psychotherapy

Neste artigo, resultado de uma pesquisa de tipo qualitativo, hermenêutico e documental, procuramos mostrar como as Ciências Cognitivas, desde a sua constituição, têm contribuído para a compreensão do ser humano. Fazemos referência às visões mais racionalistas da mente, que a entendem semelhante a um sistema computacional, até à visão menos (não) racionalista que lhe confere valor cognitivo, envolta em emoções e afetos, que numa visão mais construtivista – ou pós-racionalista – se diria que traduz significados, traduz uma vivência ou uma história narrativa (e) pessoal. Assim, apresentamos o modelo de terapia cognitiva pós-racionalista de Vittorio Guidano, refletindo sobre os fundamentos epistemológicos do Movimento da Auto-organização (MAO), nos quais ele se fundamenta. Descrevemos sumariamente os alicerces epistemológicos do MAO, os quais garantem a este modelo uma dimensão holista e explicativa do processo de construção da identidade humana, que pode ser descrita como processo de conhecimento, capaz de vivenciar e ao mesmo tempo perceber e avaliar a sua própria experiência (autoconsciência). O ser humano age na intersubjetividade, num mundo pluralista, com os seus congéneres, partilhando experiências e interpretando ações (complexificando-se através desses acoplamentos). Pretendemos, também, ilustrar que a matriz de funcionamento interno de cada ser humano, a qual lhe permite ordenar essa múltipla e facetada realidade, assim como formar/construir/ordenar significados pessoais, é o vínculo emotivo-afetivo.In this paper, which is the result of a qualitative, hermeneutical and documental research, we intend to show how the Cognitive Sciences, since their beginning, have contributed to the understanding of human beings. We refer to the rationalistic understanding of the mind (the mind is like a computer system), and also to the non-rationalistic understanding, which attributes to the mind a cognitive value, immersed in emotions and affections. In addition, according to a constructivist or post-rationalistic understanding, the mind translates meanings, an experience or a personal narrative story. Thus, we present the model of post-rationalistic cognitive therapy of Vittorio Guidano, reflecting on the epistemological foundations of the Self-Organization Movement, on which it is based. We describe briefly the epistemological principles of the Self-Organization Movement, which give to this model a holistic and explanatory dimension of the process of construction of human identity. This identity can be described as the human beings’ process of self-knowledge, as we are capable of experiencing and at the same time perceiving and evaluating, our own experiences (self-consciousness). The human being acts on intersubjectivity, in a pluralistic world with his peers, sharing experiences and interpreting actions. We also want to illustrate that the matrix of inner functioning of every human being, which allows us to sort this multi-faceted reality in a single personal order, is the emotional bond.(undefined

Tunable Band Alignment with Unperturbed Carrier Mobility of On-Surface Synthesized Organic Semiconducting Wires

The tunable properties of molecular materials place them among the favorites for a variety of future generation devices. In addition, to maintain the current trend of miniaturisation of those devices, a departure from the present top-down production methods may soon be required and self-assembly appears among the most promising alternatives. On-surface synthesis unites the promises of molecular materials and of self assembly, with the sturdiness of covalently bonded structures: an ideal scenario for future applications. Following this idea, we report the synthesis of functional extended nanowires by self-assembly. In particular, the products correspond to one-dimensional organic semiconductors. The uniaxial alignment provided by our substrate templates allows us to access with exquisite detail their electronic properties, including the full valence band dispersion, by combining local probes with spatial averaging techniques. We show how, by selectively doping the molecular precursors, the product\u2019s energy level alignment can be tuned without compromising the charge carrier\u2019s mobility

Electronic consequences of chemical doping of 7-Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la International Conference on Nanoscience + Technology (ICN+T), celebrada en Brno (Czech Republic) del 22 al 27 de julio de 2018.The tunable electronic structure of Graphene Nanoribbons (GNRs) with different edge types has provoked great interest due to potential applications in electronic devices as molecular diodes or transistors. Thanks to the on-surface synthesis of chemically customized molecular precursors, nanoribbons with atomically defined structure can be grown. This high precision in their bottom-up growth allows to tune their electronic structure via width control or chemical doping. Here we use two different strategies to chemically modify 7-armchair GNRs (7-AGNRs) to clarify how the chemical modifications on the nanoribbons’ structure affect their electronic properties. By means of Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy we tackle with atomic precision this issue on 7-AGNRs with substitutional nitrile functional groups at the ribbons’ edges and on 7-AGNRs with substitutional boron atoms within the ribbons’ backbone. We find that in the first case the CN groups lead to an efficient n-like doping of the ribbon, while in the second case B atoms induce the formation of a new acceptor band and bandgap renormalization.Peer Reviewe

Hierarchy in the halogen activation during surface-promoted ullmann coupling

Within the collection of surface-supported reactions currently accessible for the production of extended molecular nanostructures under ultra-high vacuum, Ullmann coupling has been the most successful in the controlled formation of covalent single C−C bonds. Particularly advanced control of this synthetic tool has been obtained by means of hierarchical reactivity, commonly achieved by the use of different halogen atoms that consequently display distinct activation temperatures. Here we report on the site-selective reactivity of certain carbon-halogen bonds. We use precursor molecules halogenated with bromine atoms at two non-equivalent carbon atoms and found that the Ullmann coupling occurs on Au(111) with a remarkable predilection for one of the positions. Experimental evidence is provided by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and core level photoemission spectroscopy, and a rationalized understanding of the observed preference is obtained from density functional theory calculations.The project leading to this publication has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 635919), from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, Grant Nos. MAT2016‐78293‐C6‐R) and María de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program MDM‐2026‐0618. We also acknowledge financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigación de Galicia, accreditation 2016–2019, ED431G/09) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). This work used the “Imbabura” computer cluster of Yachay Tech University, which was purchased under contract No. 2017‐024 (SIE‐UITEY‐007‐2017).Peer reviewe

Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The t t-bar production cross section (sigma[t t-bar]) is measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of sigma[t t-bar] for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 161.9 +/- 2.5 (stat.) +5.1/-5.0 (syst.) +/- 3.6(lumi.) pb, consistent with the prediction of the standard model.Comment: Replaced with published version. Included journal reference and DO