CIRDO: Smart companion for helping elderly to live at home for longer

8 pagesInternational audienceCirdo project is intended to establish new healthcare systems to ensure the safety at home of seniors and people with decreasing independence. In particular, extending "e-lio" (http://www.technosens.fr/) device, Cirdo aims to develop an audio/video-based system which makes it possible for elderly to live with a sufficient degree of autonomy. To achieve this goal, generic purposes on video analysis and audio processing are discussed and implemented in the same process. Audio and video analysis algorithms are launched simultaneously and thinks to GPU implementation, the tasks are done in real time. To comply with the requirements set out in the Cirdo project namely: respect privacy and preserve personal data, the processing tasks is performed through background tasks, without any human intrusion. In order to have different types of fall for our experiences, multiple scenarios were designed and performed by several persons. Besides the technical aspect, the project also focuses on generic technology validation by potential users and their human environment (family, caregivers/care takers...). Psychological and ergonomic assessment on the use of services developed was conducted. It focused on the usefulness, usability and accessibility and acceptance of the tool. This evaluation was completed by critical investigation of knowledge acquired by professionals (geriatricians, caregivers school and associations)

Diversification in the Guiana Shield as seen through frogs

Le Plateau des Guyanes a été géologiquement stable au cours de l'ère Cénozoïque, exempt de l'influence de l'orogénèse des Andes et de la mise en place du bassin de l'Amazone. Cette région est-elle biogéographiquement homogène au sein de l'Amazonie ? Quelles sont les modalités spatio-temporelles de diversification au sein de cette région ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, j'ai exploré sa biorégionalisation sur la base de la distribution des amphibiens anoures. Cette approche a permis de définir trois biorégions dans l'est du Plateau des Guyanes, et de révéler une forte sous-estimation de l'endémisme. Ensuite, j'ai étudié les patrons de diversification au sein du genre endémique Anomaloglossus. Ce volet a permis de dévoiler l'existence de spéciation cryptique au sein du genre, avec un patron biogéographique composé de quatre zones de diversification au sein du Plateau des Guyanes et une origine du genre dans les tepuis.The Guiana Shield has been geologically stable during the Cenozoic era, exempt of the influence of the uplift of the Andes and the setting up of the Amazon basin. Is this region biogeographically homogeneous within Amazonia? What are the spatio-temporal diversification modalities within this region? To answer these questions, I explored bioregionalisation within Amazonia and the Guiana Shield based on the dis- tribution of anuran amphibians. This approach enabled to define three bioregions in the eastern Guiana Shield and to reveal a high underestimation of endemism. Then, I studied the diversification patterns within the endemic frog genus Anomaloglossus. This part en- abled to reveal cryptic speciation within the genus, and a biogeographic pattern composed of four areas of diversification in the Guiana Shield, with an origin of the genus in the western highlands (tepuis)

Cursive Eye-Writing With Smooth-Pursuit Eye-Movement Is Possible in Subjects With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder causing a progressive motor weakness of all voluntary muscles, whose progression challenges communication modalities such as handwriting or speech. The current study investigated whether ALS subjects can use Eye-On-Line (EOL), a novel eye-operated communication device allowing, after training, to voluntarily control smooth-pursuit eye-movements (SPEM) so as to eye-write in cursive. To that aim, ALS participants (n = 12) with preserved eye-movements but impaired handwriting were trained during six on-site visits. The primary outcome of the study was the recognition of eye-written digits (0–9) from ALS and healthy control subjects by naïve “readers.” Changes in oculomotor performance and the safety of EOL were also evaluated. At the end of the program, 69.4% of the eye-written digits from 11 ALS subjects were recognized by naïve readers, similar to the 67.3% found for eye-written digits from controls participants, with however, large inter-individual differences in both groups of “writers.” Training with EOL was associated with a transient fatigue leading one ALS subject to drop out the study at the fifth visit. Otherwise, itching eyes was the most common adverse event (3 subjects). This study shows that, despite the impact of ALS on the motor system, most ALS participants could improve their mastering of eye-movements, so as to produce recognizable eye-written digits, although the eye-traces sometimes needed smoothing to ease digit legibility from both ALS subjects and control participants. The capability to endogenously and voluntarily generate eye-traces using EOL brings a novel way to communicate for disabled individuals, allowing creative personal and emotional expression

Review of quantitative empirical evaluations of technology for people with visual impairments

Addressing the needs of visually impaired people is of continued interest in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) research. Yet, one of the major challenges facing researchers in this field continues to be how to design adequate quantitative empirical evaluation for these users in HCI. In this paper, we analyse a corpus of 178 papers on technologies designed for people with visual impairments, published since 1988, and including at least one quantitative empirical evaluation (243 evaluations in total). To inform future research in this area, we provide an overview, historic trends and a unified terminology to design and report quantitative empirical evaluations. We identify open issues and propose a set of guidelines to address them. Our analysis aims to facilitate and stimulate future research on this topic

Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human–wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.Peer reviewe

A 24 year survey of a northern Europe community of reptiles along a railway track in Belgium

peer reviewedThe results of a 24 year survey of a community of reptiles typical of northern Europe along a 19 km long railway track in the South of Belgium suggests that: i) four among the six species (Anguis fragilis, Podarcis muralis, Zootoca vivipara, and Natrix natrix helvetica) exhibited stable abundance levels and distribution patterns; ii) Vipera berus strongly decreased and is now nearly extinct; iii) Coronella austriaca appeared in the course of the survey and its populations sharply increased. The decrease of Vipera berus can be explained by the degradation of some of its habitats. The causes of the increase of Coronella austriaca are unknown but might be linked to climate change.La synthèse de 24 années de suivi d’une communauté de reptiles typiques du nord de l’Europe sur un tronçon de 19 km de voie ferrée parmi les plus riches en lézards et serpents de Wallonie a permis de mettre en évidence les faits suivants: i) la stabilité de la répartition et de l’abondance de quatre des six espèces présentes (Anguis fragilis, Podarcis muralis, Zootoca vivipara et Natrix natrix helvetica), ii) la forte régression de la Vipère péliade (Vipera berus) actuellement au bord de l’extinction et iii) l’apparition en cours d’étude de la Coronelle lisse (Coronella austriaca) caractérisée par le développement rapide d’une population extrêmement abondante. Le déclin de Vipera berus s’explique avant tout par une dégradation de certains habitats de l’espèce. Les causes de l’augmentation rapide de la population de Coronella austriaca sont inconnues. L’hypothèse de l’influence des modifications climatiques est avancée

Etude de l'hygroexpansion du carton plat par une méthode de corrélation d'images obtenues par MEB environnemental et microtomographie aux rayons X = Analysis of paperboard hygroexpansion by digital correlation of images obtained by ESEM and X-ray microtomography

National audienceLe carton plat est un matériau stratifié. Ses couches ont une structure anisotrope et sont formées par des fibres de bois issues de pâtes à papier de différents types. Au cours de sa transformation et de son utilisation, le carton plat est soumis à des variations d'humidité relative de l'air ambiant. Celles-ci peuvent occasionner des problèmes de stabilité dimensionnelle telles que des pertes de planéité du carton et une décohésion de ses couches. Ce phénomène est anisotrope. Assez bien décrit dans le plan, mais assez peu selon l'épaisseur du carton, il est ici étudié au moyen d'outils classiques donnant accès à des coefficients d'hygroexpansion macroscopiques selon les directions d'anisotropie du carton. Une analyse, plus fine, par méthode de corrélation d'images, obtenues par MEB environnemental ou microtomographie aux rayons X au cours desquels l'humidité relative a été contrôlée, a permis de déterminer les champs de déformation hygroscopiques au travers de l'épaisseur du carton. Ceux-ci présentent de fortes hétérogénéités qui peuvent être reliées à une évolution spécifique de la porosité de certaines couches. Par ailleurs, il est possible de distinguer un comportement différent des couches selon la nature de leurs fibres, fonction des caractéristiques des pâtes chimiques ou mécaniques dont elles proviennent

La diversification au sein du Plateau des Guyanes vue à travers le prisme des amphibiens anoures

Le Plateau des Guyanes a été géologiquement stable au cours de l'ère Cénozoïque, exempt de l'influence de l'orogénèse des Andes et de la mise en place du bassin de l'Amazone. Cette région est-elle biogéographiquement homogène au sein de l'Amazonie ? Quelles sont les modalités spatio-temporelles de diversification au sein de cette région ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, j'ai exploré sa biorégionalisation sur la base de la distribution des amphibiens anoures. Cette approche a permis de définir trois biorégions dans l'est du Plateau des Guyanes, et de révéler une forte sous-estimation de l'endémisme. Ensuite, j'ai étudié les patrons de diversification au sein du genre endémique Anomaloglossus. Ce volet a permis de dévoiler l'existence de spéciation cryptique au sein du genre, avec un patron biogéographique composé de quatre zones de diversification au sein du Plateau des Guyanes et une origine du genre dans les tepuis.The Guiana Shield has been geologically stable during the Cenozoic era, exempt of the influence of the uplift of the Andes and the setting up of the Amazon basin. Is this region biogeographically homogeneous within Amazonia? What are the spatio-temporal diversification modalities within this region? To answer these questions, I explored bioregionalisation within Amazonia and the Guiana Shield based on the dis- tribution of anuran amphibians. This approach enabled to define three bioregions in the eastern Guiana Shield and to reveal a high underestimation of endemism. Then, I studied the diversification patterns within the endemic frog genus Anomaloglossus. This part en- abled to reveal cryptic speciation within the genus, and a biogeographic pattern composed of four areas of diversification in the Guiana Shield, with an origin of the genus in the western highlands (tepuis)