Dynamic Analysis of the Behavioural Patterns of the Largest Commercial Banks in the Russian Federation

This paper presents a pattern behavio ral analysis of 100 largest Russian commercial banks by total assets during an eight- year period: from the first quarter of 1999 to the second quarter of 2007. Bank performance indicators are analyzed. Structural similarities in the development of the banks are examined. A cluster analysis is applied to determine banks with a similar structure of operations. This analysis allows to estimate how the structure of the Russian banking system has been changing over time. In particular, it allows to identify prevailing patterns in the behavior of Russian commercial banks and to analyze the stability of their position in a particular pattern.Bank, dynamic pattern analysis, cluster analysis

Testing of speaking skills and training for professional communication in Czech

В статье раскрываются общие принципы тестирования устной речи на сертификационном экзамене по чешскому языку и особенности подготовки к устной части на уровне В2, поскольку именно этот уровень владения языком является необходимым для реализации в профессиональной сфере или получения высшего образования в Чешской республике. Анализируется влияние на качество ответа таких факторов, как сложность чешской языковой ситуации, культурная традиция родной страны и индивидуальные психологические характеристики тестируемого.The Common European Framework (CEF) is a key instrument for establishing European educational space in the field of modern languages. The paper deal with problematic questions of control and evaluation of speaking skills. It focuses on oral testing according to CEF//SERR (Společný evropský referenční rámec pro jazyky). The author describes in details the level B2. New programs of language teaching help students to improve their knowledge of the Czech language and become competitive at the European labor market

Comparison of early reactions of the blood system in rats to immobilization, the action of hypoxia and the administration of erythopoietin

Three series of experiments were simultaneously carried on rats with the purpose of studying the action of different stimulants on the blood system; rats were subjected to immobilization, hypoxic hypoxia and erythropoietin administration. Changes in various cellular forms in the bone marrow, the thymus and the spleen were studied. A unitypical reaction, as in stress, was noted during the first hours; a reduction of the cell count in the lymphoid organs, a reduction of granulocytes and an increase of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow. The differences were chiefly quantitative. This was followed by stimulation of myelo and erythropoiesis determined by the specific features of the action applied. Nonspecific blood reaction was apparently due to activation of the adaptation mechanisms

Interaction of Rhodium with Chloro-Complexes of Palladium at Elevated Temperatures

Синтезированы порошки высокодисперсного родия моно- и полиблочной структуры. Исследованы процессы укрупнения кристаллитов нанодисперсного родия. Методами электронной просвечивающей микроскопии и рентгенофазового анализа детально изучен процесс укрупнения родиевой черни при 130 и 180 °С. Установлено, что в растворах соляной кислоты наблюдается растворение родия (0), связанное с наличием на его поверхности хемосорбированного кислорода. Впервые показана возможность образования твердых родий- палладиевых растворов замещения при протекании реакции цементацииPowders of superfine rhodium with mono- and polyblock structures were obtained. The processes of coarsening of nanodispersed rhodium crystallites were investigated in detail at 130 and 180 °C. In muriatic solutions, dissolution of metal rhodium was found to occur. It was connected with the presence of chemisorbed oxygen at its surface. The possibility of formation of rhodium-palladium substitutional solid solutions on the electrolytic precipitation was firstly establishe

Creating an accessible environment for children with disabilities in an educational institution

In the article the problem of education for children with disabilities by creating a barrier-free accessible learning environment, disclosed the basic concepts is given regulatory frameworkВ статье рассмотрена проблема обучения детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья посредством создания безбарьерной образовательной среды, раскрыты основные понятия, приведена нормативная баз

Peculiarities of children-parental relationships and family factors of social risk that affect formation of dependent behaviour in children and adolescents

The research aim was to determine the characteristics of child-parental relations and the psychological climate in the school community, depending on the socio-economic situation in the area, where the teenager and his family live. Sample group consisted of 156 teenagers (11-15 years), 43 percent of them live in districts with a high rate of unemployment. As the leading methods, the authors used the following: «Child-parental relations of adolescents»; «Diagnosis of the psychological climate in the team (group)»; «A modified version of the methodological complex to identify probabilistic predictors of possible involvement in the consumption of narcotic drugs». These methods made it possible to investigate intra-family interaction, study the features of the psychological climate in the school team, and identify probabilistic predictors of the formation of dependent behaviour in a teenager. The comparative analysis of researched parameters depending on the area of residing by U-criterion by Mann –Whitney has shown, that there are significant differences in parameters: «Autonomy encouragement», «Control», «Varieties of encouragements» (studying of aspect «Children-parental relationships of adolescents»); «Friendliness», «Consent», «Satisfaction», «Efficiency», «Affection», «Cooperation», «Mutual support», «Enthusiasm», «Entertaining», «Success» (studying of aspect « Diagnostics of psychological climate in a community (group)»).Thus, it is possible to make a conclusion that psychological situation is better in classes and in families of adolescents living in areas with a low rate of unemployment. There are no authentic differences in technique parameters on revealing of probable predictors of adolescents involving in drug usage, but in areas with a low rate of unemployment parameters «Addiction to gadget-dependence» and «Problem of self-control» are higher within boys. The scientific novelty of this study consists in the analysis (study) of child-parental relations in families of adolescents living in regions of Tatarstan with different levels of unemployment, which confirmed that the economic situation of the region has an impact on child-parental relations and on the situation in the school team. The study made it possible to consider the current problem of dependent behaviour of adolescents in the context of the deterioration of the socio-economic status of the family, accompanied by crisis, disharmonic inter-parent and child-parental relations.The work is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University

Structural features of Ni-Cr-Si-B materials obtained by different technologies

This study considers the structural features of Ni-Cr-Si-B (Ni - base; 15.1 % Cr; 2 % Si; 2 % B; 0.4 % C) materials obtained by different methods. The self-fluxing coatings were deposited by plasma spraying on the tubes from low carbon steel. Bulk cylinder specimens of 20 mm diameter and 15 mm height were obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The structure and phase composition of these materials were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The major phases of coatings and sintered materials are [gamma]-Ni, Ni[3]B, CrB and Cr[7]C[3]. We demonstrate that the particle unmelted in the process of plasma spraying or SPS consist of [gamma]-Ni-NEB eutectic and also CrB and Cr[7]C[3] inclusions. The prolonged exposure of powder to high temperatures as well as slow cooling rates by SPS provide for the growth of the structural components as compared to those of plasma coatings materials. High cooling rates at the plasma spraying by melted particles contribute to the formation of supersaturated solid solution of Cr, Si and Fe in [gamma]-Ni. The structure of the melted particles in sintering material has gradient composition: the core constituted of Ni grains of 10 μm with [gamma]-Ni-Ni[3]B eutectic on the edges. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the sintering material has a smaller microhardness in comparison with plasma coatings (650 and 850 MPa, respectively), but at the same time the material has higher density (porosity less than 1 %) than plasma coatings (porosity about 2.. .3 %)

Investigation of the structure and microhardness of Mo-Fe-C coatings obtained by the electron beam injected in the atmosphere

In this work 'Mo-Fe-C' coatings fabricated on medium carbon steel by non-vacuum electron beam cladding were investigated. The structure of coatings and transition zones were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that an increase of Fe percentage in the cladding mixture led to a decrease of the eutectic volume fraction in the coating and was accompanied by the formation of the gradient structure between the coating and a substrate material. Measurements of microhardness in the cross section of samples revealed that the cladding of a 'Mo-C powder mixture contributed to a 4.5-fold increase of microhardness

Abundance - A new window on how disruptive innovation occurs

The economic philosophy of abundance has provided a new portal to view disruptive innovation. After decades of the world's middle class shrinking and the poor becoming poorer the abundance concept has created an interest in the "Rising Billion" transforming the poor into a more viable economic force and grow a worldwide vibrant middle class throughout the developed, developing and underdeveloped world. The abundance concept provides a new set of potential problems that are spurring new opportunities. The 21st century grand challenges have been enumerated by many but include at least six key basic human necessities: healthcare; water, education; food generation, energy, and the environment. The key to "Abundance" is to better understand the disruptive innovation phenomena, and how it can be used for social change. Scholars have utilized different perspectives to explain innovation phenomenon, but literature on disruptive innovation can benefit from a coherent theoretical framework that can explain origins of disruptive innovation and the role of scarcity/abundance in that process. In this paper, we provide one such theoretical framework to better explain and understand the relationship among scarcity, abundance, and innovation concepts from a market perspective. More specifically, this paper address the need to understand how radical or disruptive innovations occur to create a more abundant world and what market conditions motivates innovators, especially in communities enduring poverty and scarcity of resources such as the "Bottom Billion" and the shrinking middle class to do so. We build a theoretical model of disruptive innovation in a resource-constrained environment by integrating arguments from the theory of social capital, disruptive innovation and entrepreneurial action, and social innovation