Clinical features and outcomes of 310 patients with viral or non-viral community-acquired pneumonia.

<p>Continuous variables were expressed as means ± SDs^a or medians (IQRs)^b and were compared by the Student's t test^a or Mann-Whitney U test^b.</p><p>CURB-65: Confusion-Urea-Respiratory-Blood pressure-65 score, PSI: Pneumonia severity index, ICU: Intensive care unit.</p><p>Clinical features and outcomes of 310 patients with viral or non-viral community-acquired pneumonia.</p

Clinical features, outcomes, laboratory and radiological findings of influenza pneumonia, compared to pneumococcal pneumonia.

<p>Continuous variables were expressed as means ± SDs^a or medians (IQRs)^b and were compared by the Student's t test ^a or Mann-Whitney U test^b</p><p>CURB-65: Confusion-Urea-Respiratory-Blood pressure-65 score, PSI: Pneumonia severity index, GGO: Ground-glass opacity.</p><p>Clinical features, outcomes, laboratory and radiological findings of influenza pneumonia, compared to pneumococcal pneumonia.</p

Predictors of Viral Pneumonia in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

<div><p>Background</p><p>Viruses are increasingly recognized as major causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Few studies have investigated the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia, and the results have been inconsistent. In this study, the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia were investigated in terms of their utility as indicators for viral pneumonia in patients with CAP.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Adult patients (≥18 years old) with CAP, tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for respiratory virus, at two teaching hospitals between October 2010 and May 2013, were identified retrospectively. Demographic and clinical data were collected by reviewing the hospital electronic medical records.</p><p>Results</p><p>During the study period, 456 patients with CAP were identified who met the definition, and 327 (72%) patients were tested using the respiratory virus PCR detection test. Viral pneumonia (n = 60) was associated with rhinorrhea, a higher lymphocyte fraction in the white blood cells, lower serum creatinine and ground-glass opacity (GGO) in radiology results, compared to non-viral pneumonia (n = 250) (p<0.05, each). In a multivariate analysis, rhinorrhea (Odd ratio (OR) 3.52; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 1.58–7.87) and GGO (OR 4.68; 95% CI, 2.48–8.89) were revealed as independent risk factors for viral pneumonia in patients with CAP. The sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative-predictive values (PPV and NPV) of rhinorrhea were 22, 91, 36 and 83%: the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of GGO were and 43, 84, 40 and 86%, respectively.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Symptom of rhinorrhea and GGO predicted viral pneumonia in patients with CAP. The high specificity of rhinorrhea and GGO suggested that these could be useful indicators for empirical antiviral therapy.</p></div

Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of rhinorrhea and ground glass opacity in chest imaging as a predictor of viral pneumonia in 310 patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

<p>GGO: ground glass opacity. Area under the curve: (a) rhinorrhea, 0.562 (95% CI, 0.477–0.647); (b) GGO, 0.639 (95% CI, 0.555–0.723); (c) GGO or rhinorrhea, 0.672 (95% CI, 0.592–0.751).</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves of propensity-score-matched patients treated with a TGC plus doxycycline or TGC plus ciprofloxacin.

There was no significant difference in survival between the two groups by the log-rank test (P = 0.46).</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves of patients who received TGC monotherapy, TGC plus doxycycline, TGC plus ciprofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin monotherapy for the treatment of a <i>V</i>. <i>vulnificus</i> infection.

A pairwise post hoc test showed a trend toward a higher 30-day survival rate in TGC plus ciprofloxacin than TGC monotherapy (P = 0.06), or ciprofloxacin monotherapy group (P = 0.057). There was no significant difference in survival rate between the TGC plus ciprofloxacin group and TGC plus doxycycline groups (P = 0.18).</p

Risk factors for mortality in 218 patients with <i>V</i>. <i>vulnificus</i> infection.

Risk factors for mortality in 218 patients with V. vulnificus infection.</p

Thirty-day survival rate according to the antibiotic used in patients with <i>V</i>. <i>vulnificus</i> septicemia.

Third-generation cephalosporin (TGC) refers to any of the following: cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, or cefpiramide. Other β-lactam antibiotic refers to any of the following: ampicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, or piperacillin/tazobactam. Other antibiotic refers to any of the following or any combination therapy other than TGC plus doxycycline or TGC plus ciprofloxacin: aminoglycoside (gentamicin, amikacin, or netilmicin), glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin), clindamycin, aztreonam, and a first- or second-generation cephalosporin. In this study, oral doxycycline was the only tetracycline analogue used and ciprofloxacin the only quinolone.</p

Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of <i>V</i>. <i>vulnificus</i> septicemic patients who had not received surgical treatment.

Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of V. vulnificus septicemic patients who had not received surgical treatment.</p

Laboratory and radiological findings of 310 cases of viral or non-viral community-acquired pneumonia.

<p>Continuous variables were expressed as medians (IQRs)^a and were compared by Mann-Whitney U test^a. GGO: Ground-glass opacity.</p><p>Laboratory and radiological findings of 310 cases of viral or non-viral community-acquired pneumonia.</p