Interactive pattern between Z(herpes zoster) and V(varicella) over the time axis.

<p>Interactive pattern between Z(herpes zoster) and V(varicella) over the time axis.</p

Seasonality of herpes zoster and varicella: annual trend of monthly incident cases of herpes zoster and varicella in 2000–2009.

<p>Seasonality of herpes zoster and varicella: annual trend of monthly incident cases of herpes zoster and varicella in 2000–2009.</p

Incidence rate ratios of herpes zoster for annual trend, and by season, sex, varicella, temperature and sunny hours, before and after vaccination.

<p>Incidence rate ratios of herpes zoster for annual trend, and by season, sex, varicella, temperature and sunny hours, before and after vaccination.</p

Annual incidence rates of varicella and herpes zoster from 2000 to 2009.

<p>Annual incidence rates of varicella and herpes zoster from 2000 to 2009.</p

Seasonality of herpes zoster and varicella: monthly average incident cases from 2000 to 2009.

<p>Seasonality of herpes zoster and varicella: monthly average incident cases from 2000 to 2009.</p

Incidence rate ratios of varicella for annual trend, and by season, sex, varicella, temperature and sunny hours, before and after vaccination.

<p>Incidence rate ratios of varicella for annual trend, and by season, sex, varicella, temperature and sunny hours, before and after vaccination.</p

The Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Markers and Lipid Profiles

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and metabolic markers and whether the elevated risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is related to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).</p><p>Methods</p><p>This cross-sectional study recruited 246 male bus drivers from one transportation company in Taiwan. Each participant was evaluated by a polysomnography (PSG) test and by blood lipids examination. Severity of OSA was categorized according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).</p><p>Results</p><p>The results showed that a 73.3% prevalence of MetS in OSA (AHI > 15) and a 80.0% prevalence of MetS in severe OSA (AHI > 30) were found. After adjusting for confounding variables, an increased level of Body-Mass Index (BMI) and two non-MetS cardiovascular risk factors, total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio and TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with AHI in subjects with severe OSA. MetS was about three times to be present in subjects with severe OSA, even adjusted for BMI.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The findings showed a high prevalence of MetS in OSA among professional drivers, especially in the severe group category. BMI was the major contributing factor to OSA. However, the present study did not find a sensitive clinical marker of a detrimental metabolic profile in OSA patients.</p></div

Characteristics of study participants assessed by polysomnography.^a

<p>^a. One-way ANOVA to assess the difference in means and χ2-test to compare frequency distributions</p><p>Characteristics of study participants assessed by polysomnography.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130279#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a></p

The association between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and each components of metabolic syndrome by BMI.

<p>^a. We used multiple linear regression models to relate natural log (ln)-transformed continuous variables</p><p>^b. Model adjusted for age, smoking, and drinking.</p><p>^c. Model adjusted for age, smoking, drinking, and BMI.</p><p>The association between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and each components of metabolic syndrome by BMI.</p

Multiple logistic regression models for odd ratios of components of metabolic syndrome with OSA.^a

<p>^a. We used multiple linear regression models to relate natural log (ln)-transformed continuous variables</p><p>^b. Adjusted for age, smoking, drinking, and neck circumference > 17 inches.</p><p>^c. Adjusted for age, smoking, drinking, and BMI.</p><p>^d. The hierarchical regression model was used the predictors including the BMI >27 Kgs/m², SBP ≥ 130 mmHg, DBP ≥ 85 mmHg, HDL < 40 mg/dl, FG ≥ 100 mg/dl, TG ≥ 150 mg/dl, age, smoking, and drinking.</p><p>^e. The hierarchical regression model was used the predictors including the Total cholesterol/HDL ratio ≥ 4.5, age, smoking, drinking, and BMI.</p><p>^f. The hierarchical regression model was used the predictors including the Triglyceride/HDL ratio ≥ 3, age, smoking, drinking, and BMI.</p><p>Multiple logistic regression models for odd ratios of components of metabolic syndrome with OSA.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130279#t004fn001" target="_blank">^a</a></p