83 research outputs found
Influence of the Beehive Type on the Quality of Honey
Agricultural producers apply numerous technological procedures, and enlarging efforts to produce the high-quality products. This initiative is present in the beekeeping, too. The quality of the honey produced by the honey bee colonies depends of various factors, but prevailing are the ecological conditions and the floristic composition of the honeyfull plants. The aim of our research was to discover the influence of the beehive type on the quality of honey, which is produced at apiaries under the similar environmental conditions. The whole studied honey bee colonies belong to the European race, Apis mellifera carnica, and they used the same honeyfull plants pastures. The results indicate that different beehive type used at apiaries influenced on the quality of honey
Influence of the Beehive Type on the Quality of Honey
Agricultural producers apply numerous technological procedures, and enlarging efforts to produce the high-quality products. This initiative is present in the beekeeping, too. The quality of the honey produced by the honey bee colonies depends of various factors, but prevailing are the ecological conditions and the floristic composition of the honeyfull plants. The aim of our research was to discover the influence of the beehive type on the quality of honey, which is produced at apiaries under the similar environmental conditions. The whole studied honey bee colonies belong to the European race, Apis mellifera carnica, and they used the same honeyfull plants pastures. The results indicate that different beehive type used at apiaries influenced on the quality of honey
Review: Ivan Padjen, Metodologija pravne znanosti: pravo i susjedne discipline, Pravni fakultet SveuÄiliÅ”ta u Rijeci, Rijeka, 2015
Knjiga autora prof. dr. sc. Ivana Padjena, profesora teorije prava i države te znanstvenog savjetnika politologije Pravnog fakulteta SveuÄiliÅ”ta u Rijeci, jedinstvena je jer obraÄuje srediÅ”nje teme prava i pravne znanosti koje dosad nisu bile cjelovito i primjereno obraÄene u hrvatskoj pravnoj literaturi.
Knjiga je podijeljena u pet dijelova: 1. Uvod; 2. Istraživanja prava i druÅ”tva; 3. Poimanja prava i druÅ”tva; 4. Metodologija pravne znanosti: syllabus, te 5. Sažetak na engleskom jeziku (Methodology of Legal Science: Law and Related Disciplines ā A Summary).Review of a book by a distinguished Croatian scholar of legal theory Ivan Padjen on various issues of methodology in law and legal science
EDITORIAL
PoÅ”tovano Äitateljstvo,
pred vama je poseban broj Pravnog vjesnika pod naslovom āKonsenzualna pravda u hrvatskom kaznenom postupkuā, koji kroz pet znanstvenih radova raspravlja o razliÄitim oblicima konsenzualnih postupaka u hrvatskom kaznenom procesnom pravu. Autori, redom istaknuti znanstvenici sa sva Äetiri pravna fakulteta u Republici Hrvatskoj, propituju temeljne aspekte pojedinih oblika konsenzualnih postupaka prvenstveno teorijskim, poredbenopravnim i normativnim pristupom, ali i analizirajuÄi sudsku praksu te uzimajuÄi u obzir europske pravne standarde i temeljna naÄela suvremenog kaznenog procesnog prava. RijeÄ je o Älancima koji su rezultat rada na znanstveno-istraživaÄkom projektu Pravnog fakulteta SveuÄiliÅ”ta u Zagrebu āSustavni pristup modelima konsenzualne pravde u hrvatskom kaznenom postupku ā NegJusCroā koji je financiran sredstvima Hrvatske zaklade za znanost. Aktivnosti na projektu usmjerene su prema sustavnoj znanstvenoj analizi problematike nagodbi u hrvatskom kaznenom procesnom pravu kako bi se razmotrili kritiÄni nedostaci postojeÄeg normativnog okvira i prakse hrvatskih pravosudnih tijela u cilju predlaganja konkretnih zakonodavnih promjena za bolje i jasnije ureÄenje razliÄitih konsenzualnih postupaka u hrvatskom pravu ā i na normativnoj razini i u praksi. Prvi od pet radova posveÄen je klasiÄnoj nagodbi u kaznenom postupku ā presudi na temelju sporazuma stranaka. Autori Elizabeta IviÄeviÄ Karas, Ante Novokmet i Igor MartinoviÄ kroz poredbeni pristup analiziraju pojedine problematiÄne aspekte nagodbe kako bi se utvrdilo ima li hrvatski model ovog konsenzualnog postupka neka specifiÄna obilježja koja se možda razlikuju od razmatranih europskih poredbenopravnih rjeÅ”enja te uzrokuju li upravo ta specifiÄna obilježja odreÄene teorijske i praktiÄne probleme. U radu autora Elizabete IviÄeviÄ Karas, Zorana BuriÄa i Matka PajÄiÄa, takoÄer kroz poredbenopravnu perspektivu, razmatra se procesni položaj āsuradnika pravosuÄaā ā (potencijalnih) osumnjiÄenika ili optuženika koji odluÄe suraÄivati s tijelima kaznenog progona doprinoseÄi otkrivanju i kaznenom progonu drugih teÅ”kih kaznenih djela i poÄinitelja, prvenstveno svjedoÄenjem pred sudom. Posebna pozornost dana je pojedinim pitanjima zakonitosti ispitivanja krunskog svjedoka i osobe s imunitetom svjedoka iz prakse Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Autori Zlata ÄurÄeviÄ, Marin BonaÄiÄ i Marija PleiÄ u radu o kaznenom nalogu u hrvatskoj i poredbenoj perspektivni sveobuhvatno analiziraju zakonodavni okvir i sudsku praksu kako bi se utvrdile osobitosti hrvatskog ureÄenja kaznenog naloga, a posebno nedostaci postojeÄeg normativnog okvira i prakse. Posebna pozornost posveÄena je pretpostavkama za izdavanje kaznenog naloga, sudskoj kontroli optužnice kojom se traži izdavanje kaznenog naloga, pravima obrane u postupku prije izdavanja kaznenog naloga i položaju žrtve. O uvjetnoj odgodi (odustanku) od kaznenog progona rad su napisali Zoran BuriÄ, Marija PleiÄ i Ivana RadiÄ sagledavajuÄi u poredbenom kontekstu korisnost i svrhovitost tog instituta te uzimajuÄi u obzir kaznena djela na koja se može primijeniti, ulogu suda, prava okrivljenika i položaj žrtve kaznenog djela. Rad posveÄen uÄincima okrivljenikova priznanja krivnje tijekom rasprave u kaznenom postupku napisali su Igor MartinoviÄ i Ivana RadiÄ. U njemu razmatraju utjecaj i pravne posljedice priznanja krivnje u kontinentalno-europskom i angloameriÄkom pravu, a posebice položaj optuženika nakon priznanja danog na raspravi, uÄinke priznanja, ulogu suda u daljnjem postupku i prava žrtve kaznenog djela. VeÄ iz ovako naÄelno prikazanih tema pojedinih radova vidljiva je iznimna predanost autora ostvarivanju zacrtanih projektnih zadataka. PosveÄujuÄi poseban broj Pravnog vjesnika ovoj zanimljivoj i nadasve aktualnoj temi, Äiju je važnost za hrvatski pravni poredak uoÄila i podržala Hrvatska zaklada za znanost, vjerujemo da Äemo potaknuti daljnju raspravu o znaÄaju i o svrhovitosti razliÄitih konsenzualnih oblika postupanja kako u Hrvatskoj tako i kontinentalno-europskom okruženju.Dear readers,
In front of you is a special issue of the Journal of Law entitled, āConsensual Justice in Croatian Criminal Procedureā, which, in five published studies, addresses various forms of consensual procedures in Croatian criminal procedural law. The authors, prominent scholars from all four law faculties in the Republic of Croatia, question the basic aspects of certain forms of consensual procedures primarily through theoretical, comparative and normative approaches but also through the analysis of case law, taking into account European legal standards and basic principles of contemporary criminal procedure law. These articles are the result of a research project of the Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb ā āSystematic approach to models of negotiated justice in Croatian criminal procedure ā NegJusCroā ā which is funded by the Croatian Science Foundation. Project activities are aimed at a systematic scientific analysis of the issue of consensual justice in Croatian criminal procedure law in order to consider the critical shortcomings of the existing normative framework and practice of Croatian judicial bodies to propose concrete legislative changes for the better and clearer regulation of various
consensual procedures in Croatian law ā both at the normative level and in practice. The first of the five papers is dedicated to the classic plea-bargaining in criminal proceedings ā a judgment based on the agreement of the parties. Authors Elizabeta IviÄeviÄ Karas, Ante Novokmet and Igor MartinoviÄ use a comparative approach to analyze some problematic aspects of the agreement in order to determine whether the Croatian model of this consensual procedure has some specific features that may differ from the analyzed solutions in comparative law and whether these specific features actually cause certain theoretical and practical problems. The paper of Elizabeta IviÄeviÄ Karas, Zoran BuriÄ and Matko PajÄiÄ, also through a comparative legal perspective, discusses the procedural position of ācollaborators of justiceāā (potential) suspects or defendants who choose to cooperate with the authorities by contributing to the detection and prosecution of other serious crimes and perpetrators, primarily by testifying before the court. Special attention was paid to certain issues of the legality of the examination of a crown witness and a person with witness immunity from the practice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia. Authors Zlata ÄurÄeviÄ, Marin BonaÄiÄ and Marija PleiÄ consider the penal order in Croatian law in their paper and from a comparative perspective, comprehensively analyzing the legislative framework and jurisprudence in order to determine the peculiarities of the penal order in Croatia, focusing on the shortcomings of the existing normative framework and practice. Special attention is given to the requirements for the issuing of the penal order, the judicial control of the indictment requesting a penal order, the defense rights in the proceedings before issuing a penal order and the position of the victim. Zoran BuriÄ, Marija PleiÄ and Ivana RadiÄ wrote a paper about the conditional deferral (and withdrawal) from criminal prosecution, considering the usefulness and purposefulness of that institute in a comparative context, taking into account the criminal offenses to which it can be applied, the role of the court, the rights of the defendant and the position of the victim. A paper devoted to the effects of the defendantās admission of guilt during the criminal proceedings was written by Igor MartinoviÄ and Ivana RadiÄ. It discusses the impact and legal consequences of a guilty plea in continental European and Anglo-American law, in particular the position of the accused after the confession given at the trial, the effects of the confession, the role of the court in further proceedings and the rights of the victim. The exceptional commitment of the authors to the realization of the set project tasks can already be seen from such a short presentation of individual papers. We believe that by dedicating a special issue of the Journal of Law to this interesting and above all current topic ā of such importance for the Croatian legal order, as was noticed and supported by the Croatian Science Foundation ā we will encourage further discussion on the importance and purpose of various consensual forms in Croatia as well in continental Europe
Globalisation and the State Sovereignty
Dugo je vremena koncept suvereniteta smatran kamenom temeljcem domaÄeg i meÄunarodnog prava te politiÄke misli. Koncepcija suvereniteta blisko je povezana s koncepcijom države. Bilo je to Ā»normalnoĀ« stanje države, u kojem ona ima vrhovnu ili konaÄnu vlast u unutarnjim politiÄkim i pravnim pitanjima, a svojstvo neovisnosti prema drugim državama. MeÄunarodnu zajednicu Äinile su ravnopravne i neovisne države.
Danas, na poÄetku 21. stoljeÄa, koncept suvereniteta izložen je mnogim izazovima, od kojih je najznaÄajniji proces globalizacije koji je doveo do sve veÄe meÄupovezanos- ti ljudi Å”irom svijeta vidljive na svim poljima: politiÄkim, vojnim, ekonomskim, kulturnim i pravnim. U ovom radu usredotoÄit Äemo se na pitanje kako globalizacija utjeÄe na državni suverenitet te dati pregled argumenata koriÅ”tenih u novijoj literaturi.The concept of sovereignty was for a long time considered as one of the corner- stones of national and international law, and of political thought. The concept of sovereignty was closely connected with the concept of the state. It was a Ā»normalĀ« situation of a country where it had supreme or final power in political and legal matters in its domestic affairs, while at the same time it was independent in relation to all other countries. The international community used to consist of equal and independent States.
At the beginning of the 21st Century, the concept of sovereignty is faced with many challenges, both in theory and in practice. What happens within a countryās territory and to its inhabitants is now less a consequence of national politics than the result of international circumstances - the difference between internal and foreign affairs is becoming increasingly vague. Several processes are happening simultaneously: globalisation (the development of information and communication technology; increase in foreign Investments, the development of multinational corporations, and strengthening of the international economic and trade organisationsā role), the process of European integration, the development of international protection of human rights (the development of cogent rules of international law, humanitarian interventions, the role of transnational non/governmental organisations), and the phenomenon of Ā»failed StatesĀ«. All the above mentioned has created a need to redefine the concept of sovereignty
Hermann U. Kantorowiczās Legal Thought and the Era of National Socialism
Cilj ovog rada propitivanje je uloge antiformalistiÄke kritike prava Hermana Kantorowicza, jednog od najistaknutijih pripadnika pokreta slobodnog prava (Freirechtsbewegung), u njemaÄkoj pravnoj teoriji i praksi u vrijeme nacionalsocijalizma. Pripadnici ovog pokreta isticali su nužnost postojanja pravnih praznina, pozivali suce da napuste pravni pozitivizam/formalizam te ga zamjene sustavom koji uzima u obzir druÅ”tvene okolnosti u kojima pravni spor nastaje te naÄelo pravednosti. Niz suvremenih autora posvetio se pitanju jesu li te ideje, koje su zastupali Kantorowicz i ostali pripadnici ovog pokreta, na odreÄeni naÄin otvorile vrata za ono Å”to su u nacistiÄkoj NjemaÄkoj, od 1933. do 1945. godine, Äinili njemaÄki suci, odnosno jesu li postavile temelje za āpravni terorā koji je obilježio to razdoblje. Rad je podijeljen u dva dijela. Prvi dio rada propituje temeljne ideje o pravu, pravnoj znanosti i ulozi sudaca koje je Kantorowicz iznio u Borbi za pravnu znanost. Drugi dio istražuje niz argumenata iz Älanaka objavljenih u eminentnim pravnim Äasopisima u prilog ili protiv optužbi usmjerenih na Kantorowicza i pokret slobodnog prava.This paper is aimed at challenging the role of the anti-formalist criticism of law by Hermann Kantorowicz, one of the most prominent members of the Free Law Movement (Freirechtsbewegung) in German legal theory during the era of national socialism. Members of that movement highlighted the principle of justice and the necessity of the existence of legal gaps (lacunae), and invited judges to abandon legal positivism/formalism and replace it with a system which would take account of the social circumstances in which a legal dispute arises. A number of contemporary authors have questioned whether Kantorowicz and other members of the movement actually made what German judges did in Nazi Germany in the period from 1933 to 1945 possible or, in other words, whether they set the grounds for the ālegal terrorā which characterized that period. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part examines the fundamental concepts of law and legal science, and the role of judges, conveyed in Kantorowiczās book The Battle for Legal Science. The second part explores a number of arguments published in distinguished legal journals, which support or contest the allegations against Kantorowicz and the Free Law Movement
Zahtjevi i kontrola posla te socijalna podrÅ”ka kao prediktori zadovoljstva i izgaranja na poslu medicinskih sestara/ tehniÄara zaposlenih u podruÄju palijativne skrbi u Hrvatskoj
The Job Demands-Control-Support (JDCS) model has seldom been tested in palliative care settings, and occupational well-being of palliative care professionals has never before been investigated in Croatia. Our aim was therefore to fill that gap by testing the JDCS model among Croatian nurses providing palliative care. More specifically, we wanted to see how job demands, job control, and social support at work affect occupational well-being outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction and burnout dimensions of exhaustion and disengagement from work) in terms of the modelās iso-strain and buffer hypotheses. This cross-sectional study included 68 nurses working in various palliative care institutions across Croatia, who answered our online questionnaire. Overall, the nurses did not report high levels of burnout or low job satisfaction. The only significant effect was that of job control on job satisfaction (Ī²=0.38; P<0.01) and disengagement (Ī²=-0.45; P<0.01), while job demands and social support at work had a significant interaction effect on the burnout dimension of exhaustion (Ī²=0.39; P<0.01) in the sense that high social support at work buffered the increase in exhaustion associated with high job demands. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at increasing perceived job control and social support at the workplace could improve occupational well-being of nurses working in palliative care.Ispitivanja Modela zahtjeva-kontrole posla-socijalne podrÅ”ke (JDCS) u kontekstu palijativne skrbi doista su rijetka. Uz to, nedostaju istraživanja profesionalne dobrobiti zaposlenih u podruÄju palijativne skrbi u Hrvatskoj. Stoga je cilj ovoga istraživanja bio testirati JDCS model meÄu hrvatskim medicinskim sestrama/tehniÄarima zaposlenima u podruÄju palijativne skrbi. ToÄnije, pokuÅ”ali smo provjeriti kako zahtjevi i kontrola posla te socijalna podrÅ”ka na radnome mjestu utjeÄu na profesionalnu dobrobit (tj. zadovoljstvo poslom i dimenzije izgaranja āiscrpljenost i otuÄenost) u kontekstu tzv. iso-strain i buffer hipoteza. U presjeÄnom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 68 medicinskih sestara/tehniÄara zaposlenih u razliÄitim institucijama koje pružaju palijativnu skrb u Hrvatskoj. Podatci su prikupljeni ispunjavanjem online upitnika. Ukupno gledano, medicinske sestre/tehniÄari nisu izvijestili o visokim razinama profesionalnog izgaranja ili o niskom zadovoljstvu poslom u podruÄju palijativne skrbi. Rezultati su potvrdili znaÄajan uÄinak kontrole posla u objaÅ”njenju zadovoljstva poslom (Ī²=0,38; P<0,01) i otuÄenosti (Ī²=-0,45; P<0,01), a zahtjevi posla i socijalna podrÅ”ka na poslu pokazali su znaÄajan interakcijski uÄinak na iscrpljenost kao dimenziju izgaranja (Ī²=0,39; P<0,01) na naÄin da visoka socijalna podrÅ”ka usporava porast iscrpljenosti povezane s visokim zahtjevima posla. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja impliciraju da bi intervencije usmjerene na poveÄanje percipirane kontrole posla i socijalne podrÅ”ke na radnome mjestu mogle poboljÅ”ati profesionalnu dobrobit medicinskih sestara/tehniÄara zaposlenih u palijativnoj skrbi
Djeca i donoŔenje medicinskih odluka
Pediatric medical decision making has been a matter of discussion for the last few decades. Generally, the currently prevailing viewpoints are that the childrenās wishes should be heard and that children should be allowed to participate in medical decision-making according to their development. Those discussions do not only touch on ethical, legal and political matters, but are also based on empirical research. There are no simple answers to those large issues, especially the age limit at which children can be considered capable of giving informed consent. In that context, a balance needs to be struck between the protection of childrenās interests and the respect for their ādeveloping autonomyā. The first part of this article outlines the principle of autonomy that informed consent is based on, whereas the second part focuses on two concepts: that of parental permission and of assent of the child, both of which are well-known in the contemporary medico-legal realm. The term āassentā is commonly used in cases when individuals are not legally allowed to give informed consent but are capable of taking part in the process of medical decision-making.
In the third part of the paper, three Croatian legal acts were analyzed in a context of the informed consent of the child: the Protection of Patientās Rights Act, the Family Act and the Civil Obligations Act. The fact that several legal regulations, in particular the Protection of Patientās Rights Act, the Family Act and the Civil Obligations Act, must be used in parallel when it comes to the issue of informed consent of a child, can be, legally speaking, quite confusing. Thus, such regulation may leave some doubts and difficulties in the immediate application, especially with regard to emergency medical interventions. In this regard, perhaps the fact of adopting a special law on the consent of children to medical procedures could be considered, or at least the provision within the Family Act or the Protection of Patientās Rights Act, which uniformly summarizes all the above regulations.Posljednjih nekoliko desetljeÄa vode se opsežne rasprave o problematici donoÅ”enja medicinskih
odluka koja se tiÄu djece. OpÄenito, trenutno prevladava glediÅ”te da se djetetove želje treba posluÅ”ati
i da se djeci treba omoguÄiti sudjelovanje u donoÅ”enju medicinskih odluka u skladu s njihovim
razvojem. Te rasprave ne dotiÄu se samo etiÄkih, pravnih i politiÄkih pitanja, veÄ se temelje i na
empirijskim istraživanjima. Nema jednostavnih odgovora na ta bitna pitanja, osobito na ona koja
se tiÄu dobne granice u kojoj se djeca mogu smatrati sposobnima dati informirani pristanak. U
tom kontekstu potrebno je uspostaviti ravnotežu izmeÄu zaÅ”tite interesa djece i poÅ”tivanja njihove
āautonomije u razvojuā. Prvi dio ovog Älanka prikazuje naÄelo autonomije na kojem se temelji
informirani pristanak, dok se drugi dio usredotoÄuje na dva koncepta: roditeljsko dopuÅ”tenje i
pristanak djeteta, koja su oba dobro poznata u suvremenoj medicinskoj praksi. Izraz āpristanakā
(assent) obiÄno se koristi u sluÄajevima kada pojedincima nije zakonski dopuÅ”teno davanje
informiranog pristanka, ali se smatraju sposobnima sudjelovati u procesu donoŔenja medicinskih
odluka.
U treÄem dijelu rada analizirana su tri hrvatska pravna akta u kontekstu informiranog pristanka
djeteta: Zakon o zaÅ”titi prava pacijenata, Obiteljski zakon i Zakon o obveznim odnosima. Äinjenica
da se nekoliko zakonskih propisa, a posebno Zakon o zaŔtiti prava pacijenata, Obiteljski zakon i
Zakon o obveznim odnosima, moraju koristiti paralelno kada je u pitanju pristanak djeteta, može
biti, pravno gledano, priliÄno zbunjujuÄe. Stoga takva regulativa može ostaviti odreÄene nedoumice
i poteÅ”koÄe u neposrednoj primjeni, posebno u pogledu hitnih medicinskih intervencija. S tim u
vezi, mogla bi se razmotriti moguÄnost donoÅ”enja posebnog zakona o pristanku djece na medicinske
zahvate koji bi ujednaÄeno sažimao sve navedene propise
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