A method for a separator for cells

A method is presented for manufacturing a separator for cells which is characterized by the fact that the spaces or small holes in the porous body are made even smaller, and therefore the porous body is made physically stronger

Experimental Determination of the Gain Distribution of an Avalanche Photodiode at Low Gains

A measurement system for determining the gain distributions of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) in a low gain range is presented. The system is based on an ultralow-noise charge--sensitive amplifier and detects the output carriers from an APD. The noise of the charge--sensitive amplifier is as low as 4.2 electrons at a sampling rate of 200 Hz. The gain distribution of a commercial Si APD with low average gains are presented, demonstrating the McIntyre theory in the low gain range.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency with tubular aggregates in a patient from panama

Introduction: Phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency (PGAM) is a rare metabolic myopathy that results in terminal block in glycogenolysis. Clinically, patients with PGAM deficiency are asymptomatic, except when they engage in brief, strenuous efforts, which may trigger myalgias, cramps, muscle necrosis, and myoglobinuria. An unusual pathologic feature of PGAM deficiency is the association with tubular aggregates. Methods: We report an African‐American patient from Panama with partial deficiency of PGAM who presented with asymptomatic elevation of creatine kinase levels and tubular aggregates on muscle biopsy. Results: Muscle biopsies showed subsarcolemmal and sarcolemmal tubular aggregates in type 2 fibers. Muscle PGAM enzymatic activity was decreased and gene sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation in codon 78 of exon 1 of the PGAM2 gene, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 7. Conclusions: PGAM deficiency has been reported in 14 patients, 9 of whom were of African‐American ethnicity, and in 5 (36%) tubular aggregates were seen on muscle biopsy. Contrary to previously reported cases, our patient was initially asymptomatic. This further expands the PGAM deficiency phenotype. Muscle Nerve, 2013Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95158/1/23527_ftp.pd

24-Hour Glycemic Variations in Drug-Naïve Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)-Based Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a 24-hour glycemic variation in drug-naïve, type 2 diabetic patients by using CGM. METHODS: A total of 30 inpatients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study to analyze the 24-hour CGM data. RESULTS: The patients' median age was 58 years old (interquartile range: 42-66 years), and their median HbA1c value was 7.6 (6.7-8.8)%. The median time to postprandial peak glucose levels(Peak Time) for each meal was 70-85 minutes, with the range of postprandial glucose increases(Increase Range) for each meal being 83-109 mg/dL. There was a significant positive correlation between the HbA1c values and Increases Range, Peak Time observed after breakfast and dinner, respectively. When the patients were stratified by a median HbA1c value of 7.6% into 2 groups, Increases Range and Peak Time, after breakfast, were shown to be significantly higher in the high-HbA1c group (H) than in the low-HbA1c (L) group. When the subjects were divided into four groups according to HbA1c levels:1 (<7.0%, n = 8), 2 (7.0-7.9%, n = 8), 3 (8.0-8.9%, n = 8), and 4 (≥9%, n = 6), the average glucose level, pre-meal glucose level and postprandial peak glucose level increased steadily from group 1 to 4 in a stepwise manner. CONCLUSIONS: In drug-naïve, Japanese type 2 diabetic patients, the Peak Time and the Increase Range were maximal after dinner. It was shown that the greater the HbA1c values, the longer Peak time and the higher Increase Range after breakfast and dinner. The average glucose level, pre meal glucose level and postprandial peak glucose level increased steadily as HbA1c level increased

The Studies on the Spherical Bodies Containing Anthocyanins in Plant Cells, II. : The Effects of Light on the Pigmentation of Spherical Bodies in the Seedling Hypocotyls of the Radish Plant.

In order to answer the question whether anthocyanoplasts have the capacity of anthocyanin biosynthesis or not, the effects of light on their pigmentation were investigated using the seedling hypocotyls of the radish plant, Raphanus sativus L. Microscopic observations were carried out on slices which were prepared by cutting with a razor from the seedling hypocotyls of radish plants germinated under light or dark conditions. The cells of hypocotyls germinated under dark conditions bore some colorless spherical bodies, whereas those germinated under continuously light conditions had entirely red-colored bodies. The colorless bodies found in the cells of hypocotyls germinated under the dark condition turned red after they had transferred to light conditions. From these facts it was concluded that the anthocyanoplasts in radish hypocotyls have the capacity of light reaction indispensable for the anthocyanin biosynthesis.Article信州大学理学部紀要 23(1): 1-6(1988)departmental bulletin pape

Distinguishing genuine entangled two-photon-polarization states from independently generated pairs of entangled photons

A scheme to distinguish entangled two-photon-polarization states (ETP) from two independent entangled one-photon-polarization states (EOP) is proposed. Using this scheme, the experimental generation of ETP by parametric down-conversion is confirmed through the anti-correlations between three orthogonal two-photon-polarization states. The estimated fraction of ETP among the correlated photon pairs is 37% in the present experimental setup.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Pressure dependence of Si diffusion in gamma-Fe

The pressure dependence of Si diffusion in γ-Fe was investigated at pressures of 5–15 GPa and temperatures of 1473–1673 K using the Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus to estimate the rate of mass transportation for the chemical homogenization of the Earth's inner core and those of small terrestrial planets and large satellites. The obtained diffusion coefficients D were fitted to the equation D = D0 exp[−(E* + PV*)/(RT)], where D0 is a constant, E* is the activation energy, P is the pressure, V* is the activation volume, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. The least-squares analysis yielded D0 = 10-1.17±0.54 m2/s, E* = 336 ± 16 kJ/mol, and V* = 4.3 ± 0.2 cm3/mol. Moreover, the pressure and temperature dependences of diffusion coefficients of Si in γ-Fe can also be expressed well using homologous temperature scaling, which is expressed as D = D0exp{–g[Tm(P)]/T}, where g is a constant, Tm(P) is the melting temperature at pressure P, and D0 and g are 10-1.0±0.3 m2/s and 22.0 ± 0.7, respectively. The present study indicates that even for 1 billion years, the maximum diffusion length of Si under conditions in planetary and satellite cores is less than ∼1.2 km. Additionally, the estimated strain of plastic deformation in the Earth's inner core, caused by the Harper–Dorn creep, reaches more than 103 at a stress level of 103–104 Pa, although the inner core might be slightly deformed by other mechanisms. The chemical heterogeneity of the inner core can be reduced only via plastic deformation by the Harper–Dorn creep