66 research outputs found

    Plasma assessment of tryptophan catabolism.

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    <p>The concentration of plasma tryptophan (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021185#pone-0021185-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1A</a>), kynurenine (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021185#pone-0021185-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1B</a>) and the KT ratio (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021185#pone-0021185-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1C</a>) in 50 severe sepsis patients, 30 non-severe sepsis patients and 40 hospital controls. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021185#pone-0021185-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1D</a> shows the KT ratio in severe sepsis patients on admission (n = 50), day 2 (n = 34) and day 7 (n = 16). The KT ratio is determined by dividing the plasma kynurenine concentration (µmol/L) by the plasma tryptophan concentration (µmol/L) and multiplying the quotient by 1000. Horizontal lines represent median values for the group. P value analysis in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021185#pone-0021185-g001" target="_blank">Figs. 1A–C</a> used a Mann Whitney test, and in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021185#pone-0021185-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1D</a>, a paired Wilcoxon test.</p

    Immunological characteristics of participants (median and interquartile range).

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    <p>*p values, all sepsis vs controls, Mann Whitney test.</p><p>†Performed in a subset of patients representative of the entire cohort, as described in methods and results. Severe sepsis n = 11, non-severe sepsis n = 12, control n = 4.</p

    Baseline clinical characteristics of participants.

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    <p>*For difference between all 3 groups by one way analysis of variance.</p><p>†Mean (95% confidence interval).</p><p>‡Median (interquartile range).</p

    Proposed model of tryptophan catabolism in sepsis.

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    <p>IDO = Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, IL6 = interleukin-6, IL10 = interleukin-10, IFN-γ = interferon gamma and NO = nitric oxide.</p

    Laboratory and physiological measurements among patients with vivax and falciparum malaria and healthy controls.

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    <p>Investigations are performed on enrolment, unless otherwise stated. Numbers are median (IQR) unless otherwise stated. Where a result is below the lower limit of detection (LLD), half the LLD is substituted.</p><p>For intergroup comparison between controls, non-severe <i>P. vivax</i> and severe <i>P. vivax</i>; and between controls, non-severe <i>P. falciparum</i> and severe <i>P. falciparum;</i> P values were <0.05 (by Kruskal-Wallis or anova) for all variables tested. All significant differences in laboratory measurements between patients with severe and non-severe vivax malaria remain significant after excluding a severe malaria patient with concurrent pneumococcal bacteremia.</p>†<p>measured in 50 healthy controls and all patients with malaria</p><p>* measured in 30 healthy controls, all patients with severe malaria, 29 patients with non-severe <i>P. vivax</i> and 35 patients with non-severe <i>P. falciparum</i></p>∧<p>measured in 30 healthy controls, all patients with severe malaria, all patients with <i>P. falciparum</i>, and 46 patients with non-severe <i>P. vivax</i></p>#<p>measured in 67 controls, 8 patients with severe <i>P. vivax</i>, 33 patients with non-severe <i>P. vivax</i>, 19 patients with severe <i>P. falciparum</i>, and 72 patients with non-severe <i>P. falciparum</i></p><p>Laboratory and physiological measurements among patients with vivax and falciparum malaria and healthy controls.</p

    Baseline characteristics.

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    <p>a – by Chi<sup>2</sup> test for difference between all 3 groups.</p><p>b – Mean (sd).</p><p>c – n (%).</p><p>d – Median (Interquartile range).</p

    Parasitemia and markers of total parasite biomass among patients with vivax and falciparum malaria.

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    <p>(<b>A</b>) Correlation between parasitemia and PvLDH among patients with vivax malaria, Spearman's ρ = 0.27, P = 0.033, (<b>B</b>) Correlation between parasitemia and pLDH among patients with vivax malaria, Spearman's ρ = 0.27, P = 0.028, and (<b>C</b>) correlation between parasitemia and HRP2 among patients with falciparum malaria, Spearman's ρ = 0.41, P = <0.0001.</p

    Longitudinal results in subjects with sepsis.

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    <p>Note: ADMA = Asymmetric dimethylarginine. RH-PAT index = Reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry index. SDMA = Symmetric dimethylarginine. IL-6 = Interleukin 6. SOFA score = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score.</p
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