Investigasi Pemahaman Calon Guru Tentang Konsep Kalor, Kerja, Dan Proses-Proses Termodinamika

The purpose of this study are to describe the understanding of prospective teachers on the concepts of heat, work, and thermodynamic process and the difficulties they face in learning the concepts of thermodynamics. This research was conducted using qualitative method. Data were collected using a diagnostic test and interview. The subjects were students of physics education, University of Cendrawasih who had attended the lectures of thermodynamics, as many as 39 people. The results of this study indicate that student teachers do not understand the concept of heat, work, and thermodynamic process well. Students can analyze the problem and solve the majority of them (30%). The settlement issue is not based on prior knowledge that already exists. Students have difficulty distinguishing the work done by the system or the environment. Students also have difficulty understanding the process in a diagram or change it in a different diagram

Identifikasi Pengetahuan Tradisional Masyarakat Sentani Dan Peluangnya Untuk Pembelajaran Fisika

This research is aimed to investigate, to describe and to elaborate the system of traditional knowledge of Sentani society in Papua. Research method is qualitative. The conduction of the research has been done in forms of interview, field observation, and bibliography study that to spent four months. Respondents were chosen purposively. Some findings on traditional knowledge that related to physics are about ethnophysics, and transportation. The most important finding is that the traditional knowledge has not been able to explain all natural phenomena, moreover scientifically. For example solar-eclipse, lightning as an incredible mystical phenomena

Perilaku Pelat Komposit Beton– Kayu Bangkirai dengan Sambungan Geser Menggunakan Pasak Baja dan Papan Kayu Keruing

Kebutuhan bahan bangunan semakin besar dan daerah sempit resistensi dalam pengadaan Perumahan bagi masyarakat. Untuk menekan harga bangunan, maka dilakukan pengadaan komponen lantai ringan dan lebih murah. Struktur gabungan antara kayu bangkirai dan beton diperkenalkan kepada masyarakat sebagai komponen struktur lantai menjadi salah satu kesatuan dengan konektor link geser pejantan sebuah kayu keruing yang dikenal sebagai lantai komposit. Dalam hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kekuatan batas struktur komposit kayu bangkirai - beton untuk slab.The karakteristik mekanik dan fisik bangkirai Andari keruing kayu yang mengamati dalam penelitian untuk mengetahui kualitas dan kekuatan tingkat kayu. Uji kekuatan geser dari dowel dan keruing kayu dilakukan untuk mengetahui daya dukung. Pejantan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pejantan diameter 10 mm, pejantan diameter 12 mm, pejantan diameter 16 dan keruing dimensi kayu 3 / 12. uji kekuatan dari tiga jenis pejantan dan keruing kayu dilakukan untuk kayu bangkirai. Satu tes Shear objek yang digunakan 4 konektor geser. Sebagai aplikasi dilakukan dari lantai komposit model skala 1: 2 oleh 2 variasi konektor geser jumlah pejantan dalam penelitian. Tes struktur komposit lantai berbohong pada dua dukungan sederhana (gulungan - engsel), masing-masing model slab adalah 2.000 mm panjang, lebar 250 mm, 25 mm slab beton tebal. Kedua slab komposit dengan kode tes, LTK - 1 adalah tes kode untuk 6 / 7,5 kayu bangkirai dengan 6 konektor geser, LTK - 2 adalah ujian kode untuk 6 / 7,5 kayu bangkirai dengan konektor 12 geser. Tes diamati menggunakan uji tekanan statis monoton dengan dua beban titik dan lendutan diukur menggunakan dial gauge. Sesuai dengan PKKI 1961, kayu bangkirai memenuhi tingkat kekuatan II - IV, sedangkan dari The penelitian uji sifat mekanik dan fisik, kayu bangkirai itu memenuhi tingkat kekuatan II - IV. Rata-rata dari daya dukung maksimum untuk diameter pejantan 10 mm adalah 7.250 kN, diameter pejantan 12 mm adalah 8.750 kN, diameter pejantan 16 mm adalah 21.750 kN, maka diameter dowel 12 mm dipilih sebagai konektor geser, karena memiliki rata-rata daya dukung maksimum . lantai komposit 2000 mm panjang untuk LTK - 1 bisa mendukung memuat hingga 18,84 kN, LTK - 2 dapat mendukung beban hingga 23,50 kN. Deviasi antara hasil eksperimen dan konsep teori SNI dari Bangkirai kayu komposit beton adalah sekitar 12,2340 - 15,2600%. Jadi kayu bangkirai dapat digunakan sebagai komponen dari lantai struktur komposit

Identifikasi Varietas/Klon Ubikayu Unggul Untuk Bahan Baku Bioetanol

Cassava is a potential source of raw material for bioethanol production. The study was conducted to identify the suitability of the chemical properties of cassava varieties/clones harvested in different seasons to be used as raw material for bioethanol. The trials were conducted at the Experiment Station and the Laboratory of Microbiology, Center for Starch Technology (BBTP), Research and Assessment of Technology (BPPT) Lampung and at the Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Research Institute for Legumes and Tuber, Malang. In 2006, 12 cassava varieties and clones were used, whereas in 2007 eight clones selected from the 12 varieties were used. The crops were harvested at age of 9 months and the tubers were used as raw material for bioethanol production. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The variables observed were chemical composition of fresh tubers and ethanol content of bioethanol produced. Cassava tubers harvested in the rainy season (RS) 2007 contained 1 to 10% more moisture from those harvested in the dry season (DS) 2006, followed by a decrease of starch and total sugar content by 1.4 to 6.6% and 0.5-10%, respectively. Clone CMMM 99008-3 had the highest total sugar content when harvested in the DS 2006 (45.3%), but it was lower (37.0%) in the DS 2006 harvest. In the DS 2006 harvest, four varieties/clones had conversion values 4.2 to 4.5 kg of fresh tuber to one liter of 96% bioethanol, i.e., CMM 99008-3, MLG 0311, OMM 9908-4, and UJ-5. In the WS 2007 harvest, four varieties/clones showed conversion values from 4.5 to 5 kg to one liter of 96% bioethanol, i.e., CMM 99008-3, UJ-3, UJ-5, and OMM 9908-4. Five cassava clones harvested in the RS 2007, namely CMM 99008-3, UJ-3, UJ-5, MLG 0311, and OMM 9908-4 produced tubers yield ranging from 29.3 to 38.2 t/ha. Clone UJ-5 produced the highest bioethanol (7,866 l/ha)