Investigasi Pemahaman Calon Guru Tentang Konsep Kalor, Kerja, Dan Proses-Proses Termodinamika

The purpose of this study are to describe the understanding of prospective teachers on the concepts of heat, work, and thermodynamic process and the difficulties they face in learning the concepts of thermodynamics. This research was conducted using qualitative method. Data were collected using a diagnostic test and interview. The subjects were students of physics education, University of Cendrawasih who had attended the lectures of thermodynamics, as many as 39 people. The results of this study indicate that student teachers do not understand the concept of heat, work, and thermodynamic process well. Students can analyze the problem and solve the majority of them (30%). The settlement issue is not based on prior knowledge that already exists. Students have difficulty distinguishing the work done by the system or the environment. Students also have difficulty understanding the process in a diagram or change it in a different diagram

PENINGKATAN PENGUSAAN KONSEP GETARAN MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN BUDAYA LOKAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep siswa pada topik pembelajaran getaran. Penelitian menggunakan model rancangan kuasi eksperimen Nonequivalent Group Pretest-postest Experimental Design. Pembelajaran pada kelompok eksperimen menggunakan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan budaya lokal, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol menggunakan pembelajaran biasa. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa SMP di kabupaten Jayapura. Sampel penelitian dipilih tiga sekolah secara random yaitu SPMN 2 Sentani, SMPN 1 Sentani, dan SMPN 4 Sentani yang masing-masing berturut-turut termasuk sekolah kategori tinggi, sedang, dan rendah pada pencapaian ujian nasional mata pelajaran IPA tahun ajaran 2007/2008. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan pendekatan budaya lokal mampu meningkatkan penguasaan konsep siswa. Dari ketiga sekolah tersebut rata-rata n-gain yang dicapai kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Perhitungan uji perbedaan rata-rata n-gain pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 yang dicapai oleh kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol siswa SMPN 1 Sentani dan SMPN 2 Sentani menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Perhitungan ANOVA satu arah untuk n-gain kelompok eksperimen ketiga sekolah tersebut tidak memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan, artinya bahwa pembelajaran dengan pendekatan budaya lokal pada topik getaran yang mencakup konsep simpangan, amplitudo, periode dan frekuensi mampu memberikan kontribusi yang sama untuk semua kelompok kemampuan siswa

Identifikasi Pengetahuan Tradisional Masyarakat Sentani Dan Peluangnya Untuk Pembelajaran Fisika

This research is aimed to investigate, to describe and to elaborate the system of traditional knowledge of Sentani society in Papua. Research method is qualitative. The conduction of the research has been done in forms of interview, field observation, and bibliography study that to spent four months. Respondents were chosen purposively. Some findings on traditional knowledge that related to physics are about ethnophysics, and transportation. The most important finding is that the traditional knowledge has not been able to explain all natural phenomena, moreover scientifically. For example solar-eclipse, lightning as an incredible mystical phenomena

Evaluasi Kinerja dan Perkuatan Struktur Gedung Guna Alih Fungsi Bangunan (Studi Kasus : Perubahan Fungsi Ruang Kelas Menjadi Ruang Perpustakaan pada Lantai II Gedung G Universitas Semarang)

To meet the need for good infrastructure of building construction, building new one is not theonly appropriate choice. Efficiency resulted from the functional substitution of existing building to be used with a new function can be a more precise alternative. The existing functional substitutio will result in the change of the building load. Based on the fact, it is necessary to evaluate the performance and the strength of structure at the existing condition to take new load and to calculate the strengthening required. The study is conducted on Building G of Campus III, Semarang University at Jl.Soekarno- Hatta, Semarang. A lecturing space in floor II was proposed to be functionally substituted into library room. It focuses on evaluating performance of structure, the strength of plate, beam, and column, and the bearing of foundation, existing condition based on SNI-2847-2002, earthquake load application based on SNI-1726-2002, and promoting a proposal for strengthening the structure required. The SAP 2000 is used to analyze the structure to gain the required strength value of U (ultimate). BETON 2000 is used to analyze the structure of existing condition to gain the existing strength value of R (resistance). The strengthening of the plate and beam is conducted by adding the Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP), while that of column is by adding an external reinforcement The result of the study indicates that the existing fc' is 17 MPa and the fy is 390 MPa. From evaluation on the performance of structure, it can be known that the performance of servicing limit and that of ultimate limit of the building have really met the requirement of SNI-1726-2002. Based on the result of analysis on the structure of plates in floor 2, plates of A, C, E, and H need the strengthening of flexure ability. Beam in floor 2 : 1 A-E ; 1 E-I ; 2 A-E ; 2 E-I ; 3 C-E and ring beam : 0 A-C ; 0 C-E ; 0 E-G ; 0 G-I ; 3 C-E ; 3 E-I require the strengthening of flexure ability and shear ability. The strengthening of flexure and shear abilities by adding the FRP is found to be able to add the flexure and shearing abilities of plates and beam. The result of analysis on the strengthening of flexure ability by adding reinforcement shows that it can add the flexure ability of column. And form analysis on foundation, it can be known that foundation is able to bear new load so it does not require the strengthening

Perilaku Pelat Komposit Beton– Kayu Bangkirai dengan Sambungan Geser Menggunakan Pasak Baja dan Papan Kayu Keruing

Kebutuhan bahan bangunan semakin besar dan daerah sempit resistensi dalam pengadaan Perumahan bagi masyarakat. Untuk menekan harga bangunan, maka dilakukan pengadaan komponen lantai ringan dan lebih murah. Struktur gabungan antara kayu bangkirai dan beton diperkenalkan kepada masyarakat sebagai komponen struktur lantai menjadi salah satu kesatuan dengan konektor link geser pejantan sebuah kayu keruing yang dikenal sebagai lantai komposit. Dalam hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kekuatan batas struktur komposit kayu bangkirai - beton untuk slab.The karakteristik mekanik dan fisik bangkirai Andari keruing kayu yang mengamati dalam penelitian untuk mengetahui kualitas dan kekuatan tingkat kayu. Uji kekuatan geser dari dowel dan keruing kayu dilakukan untuk mengetahui daya dukung. Pejantan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pejantan diameter 10 mm, pejantan diameter 12 mm, pejantan diameter 16 dan keruing dimensi kayu 3 / 12. uji kekuatan dari tiga jenis pejantan dan keruing kayu dilakukan untuk kayu bangkirai. Satu tes Shear objek yang digunakan 4 konektor geser. Sebagai aplikasi dilakukan dari lantai komposit model skala 1: 2 oleh 2 variasi konektor geser jumlah pejantan dalam penelitian. Tes struktur komposit lantai berbohong pada dua dukungan sederhana (gulungan - engsel), masing-masing model slab adalah 2.000 mm panjang, lebar 250 mm, 25 mm slab beton tebal. Kedua slab komposit dengan kode tes, LTK - 1 adalah tes kode untuk 6 / 7,5 kayu bangkirai dengan 6 konektor geser, LTK - 2 adalah ujian kode untuk 6 / 7,5 kayu bangkirai dengan konektor 12 geser. Tes diamati menggunakan uji tekanan statis monoton dengan dua beban titik dan lendutan diukur menggunakan dial gauge. Sesuai dengan PKKI 1961, kayu bangkirai memenuhi tingkat kekuatan II - IV, sedangkan dari The penelitian uji sifat mekanik dan fisik, kayu bangkirai itu memenuhi tingkat kekuatan II - IV. Rata-rata dari daya dukung maksimum untuk diameter pejantan 10 mm adalah 7.250 kN, diameter pejantan 12 mm adalah 8.750 kN, diameter pejantan 16 mm adalah 21.750 kN, maka diameter dowel 12 mm dipilih sebagai konektor geser, karena memiliki rata-rata daya dukung maksimum . lantai komposit 2000 mm panjang untuk LTK - 1 bisa mendukung memuat hingga 18,84 kN, LTK - 2 dapat mendukung beban hingga 23,50 kN. Deviasi antara hasil eksperimen dan konsep teori SNI dari Bangkirai kayu komposit beton adalah sekitar 12,2340 - 15,2600%. Jadi kayu bangkirai dapat digunakan sebagai komponen dari lantai struktur komposit

Analisis Pengaruh Jenis Dan Tebal Spray Applied Materials Fireproofing Terhadap Ketahanan Api Balok Baja

Protection against fire is important to maintain the strength of the structure. Fireproofing can be used as an anticipation to reduce the spread of the fire. Evaluation the effect of fire on structural elements is generally performed by a numerical approach. Analysis of simple beam IWF 150x75x5x7 with 3,5 span length using varied fireproofing such as CAFCO 300, Carboline Type 5 MD and Typo WR-AFD was conducted with Abaqus CAE 6.11-1. Nonlinear material properties of steel based on Eurocode 3 while thermal properties of fireproofing are constant. Thickness variation of fireproofing are 10 and 20 mm. Pressure load was carried on the top flange of steel beam. ASTM E-119 used as a thermal load by conduction on 3 sides (left, right and bottom) with duration of 2 hours. The results showed that type and thickness variation of the fireproofing has a significant effect on the fire resistance of steel beams. The highest temperatures occur when steel coated by Typo WR-AFP and the lower temperatures occur when steel coated by CAFCO 300. Maximum deflection of steel beam occurred when steel coated by Typo WR-AFD. Steel beam with Typo WR-AFD experiencing a critical deflection with the fastest time of 4.80 minutes at 10 mm thick and 9.10 min at 20 mm thick. Steel beam with 10 mm thick of fireproofing achieve yield stress when the time 14.03, 8.86 and 5, 12 minutes for fireproofing CAFCO 300, Carboline Type 5 MD and Typo-AFD WR. Steel beam with 20 mm thick of fireproofing experiencing yield stress only on Typo WR-AFD at 10.22 minutes

Sistem Informasi Manajemen Jembatan Berbasis Web dengan Metode Bridge Condition Rating (Studi Kasus Pengelolaan Jembatan di Kabupaten Garut)

A state progression level can be identified from the infrastructure demand. However, infrastructure projects requires high investment cost, therefore it is recessary to optimally maintain the existing infrastructure facility. Bridge management is required to maintain the bridge function and role, as well as to keep the bridge service period in line with the service period plan by using various efforts to maintain the safety, comfort, and economy in serving the traffic. The bridge management needs a lot of recent information of the bridge inventory and condition. It is required to build accurate and up-to-date information for bridge management completed with DSS (Decision Support System) to make the inventorying result to be easily understood and to determine bridge management priority. Research area in producing this system was located at Garut Regency, West Java by taking 7 bridges as samples, under Bina Marga Public Work management. WEB-based Bridge Management Information System (SIMJWEB) was software built with PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor) and MySQL Database Management System. The bridge condition is visually assessed using the Bridge Condition Rating method of NYSDOT (New York State Department of Transportations). Bridge component is assessed based on Component Rating of 7 as good and 1 as worst. The total Component Rating is multiplied with Weight Factor from each component, and then divided by total Weight Factor resulting from Bridge Condition Rating that reflects the bridge condition. Treatment priority determination is based on Bridge Condition Rating Value. Information on treatment time delay is obtained from estimated bridge service period using IBMS (Interurban Bridge Management System) assumption. SIMJWEB is able to provide prompt information on the inventory, condition, proposal and management priority data, as well as the estimation of bridge service period. Such information helps the bridge manager in making decision. Through internet media, bridge user can actively participate to bridge management in a region by giving idea or following public hearing made by bridge manager. This research results show that Cipancar 1 Bridge has the highest treatment priority at condition rating of 4.874 and requires rehabilitation as the proposed treatment. The lowest priority is Cimanuk Andir bridge at condition rating of 6.587 and requires regular and periodic maintenance as the proposed treatment. By estimating that Cipancar 1 bridge plan period is 50, the Equivalent period is 28.3 years and in 22 years later, the bridge function would not be functioned anymore

Tahanan Lateral Bambu Laminasi Dengan Konektor Pelat Disisipkan Menggunakan Sambungan Baut

Analisis tahanan lateral beberapa alat sambung telah diusulkan Europen Yield Model (EYM) tahun 1949. Beban leleh berupa nilai tahanan lateral (Z) dapat diprediksi dengan mengetahui nilai geometri sambungan, tegangan leleh dowel dan kuat tumpu dowel. Pengujian tahanan lateral ini dilakukan dalam rangka mengetahui kemampuan sebuah baut dengan model sambungan pelat besi disisipkan pada bambu laminasi. Tahanan lateral sejajar dan tegak lurus arah serat-serat dibutuhkan dalam merencanakan sambungan struktural. Pada uji tahanan lateral ini dibedakan menjadi dua, tahanan lateral tegak lurus serat dan tahanan lateral sejajar serat. Dimensi benda uji tahanan lateral tegak lurus serat adalah 2 buah balok bambu laminasi dengan dimensi 37,5×76×180 mm, dan dimensi tahanan lateral sejajar serat 83×76×200 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teori Yield Mode dari EYM dapat memprediksi nilai tahanan lateral bambu laminasi. Perbedaan hasil ekperimen sebesar 8,05% lebih tinggi dari teori yield mode pada tahanan lateral tegak lurus serat dan 8,38% pada tahanan lateral sejajar serat. Nilai Poffset 5% sebesar 12,34 kN selip pada 4,82 mm dan kekakuan rata-rata sebesar 3,050 kN/mm pada tahanan lateral tegak lurus serat. Uji tahanan lateral sejajar serat memiliki nilai Poffset 5% rata-rata sebesar 20,3 kN dan kekakuan awal sebesar 6,144 kN/mm pada nilai selip rata-rata 3,99 mm