44 research outputs found
Digitalisation et performance commerciale des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) du District de Bamako
Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre et d’analyser l’usage du digital et son incidence sur la performance commerciale des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) du District de Bamako. Cette recherche est basée sur un paradigme positiviste avec une démarche méthodologique quantitative. Elle a été menée auprès des entreprises (PME), à la suite d’une enquête par questionnaire comme outil de collectes des données avec un échantillon de 180 PME du District de Bamako. Elle a permis de mettre en évidence une incidence positive des outils digitaux sur la performance commerciale des petites et moyennes entreprises au Mali. Les résultats de nos travaux ont montré l’existence d’un lien significatif entre le digital et la performance commerciale des entreprises (PME)
Suitability For Parboiling Of Rice Varieties From Benin Through Assessing The Soaking Temperature And Rice Quality
The suitability of 10 different rice varieties cultivated in Benin for parboiling was assessed through physical, chemical and sensorial analysis. Paddy rice samples were soaked at three different water temperatures (60, 70 and 80°C) under laboratory conditions. Using these temperatures, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the chalkiness, hardness and grain homogeneity of the parboiled rice after milling. The paddy rice soaked at 80°C presented the best results: the majority of the parboiled grains were homogeneous (overall mean = 85.16%) and had favorable scores for hardness (overall mean = 8.99 kg) and chalkiness (score =1). In the field, At soaking temperature about 80°C the professional parboilers preferred NERICAL56, BERIS21 and IR841 as the most suitable for parboiling from the investigated rice varieties, due to the grain homogeneity (> 90 %), head rice ratio ( > 86.67 %) and low rate of broken grains after milling (<13.33 %). These three varieties were the most appreciated by the panelists before and after cooking, whereas BL19 and NERICA2 were the least. Findings from this work are important for guiding rice parboiling stakeholders in Benin and other countries in West Africa. NERICAL56, BERIS21 and IR841 were the suitable rice varieties for parboiling to be advised to the processors. To this end, passport data on the varieties suitable for parboiling will be produced and widely disseminated to the stakeholders for rice parboiling
Different Plasmodium falciparum clearance times in two Malian villages following artesunate monotherapy.
BACKGROUND: Artemisinin resistance described as increased parasite clearance time (PCT) is rare in Africa. More sensitive methods such as qPCR might better characterize the clearance phenotype in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: PCT is explored in Mali using light microscopy and qPCR after artesunate for uncomplicated malaria. In two villages, patients were followed for 28 days. Blood smears and spots were collected respectively for microscopy and qPCR. Parasitemia slope half-life was calculated after microscopy. Patient residual parasitemia were measured by qPCR. RESULTS: Uncorrected adequate clinical and parasitological responses (ACPR) observed in Faladje and Bougoula-Hameau were 78% and 92%, respectively (p=0.01). This reached 100% for both after molecular correction. Proportions of 24H microscopy positive patients in Faladje and Bougoula-Hameau were 97.2% and 72%, respectively (p<0.0001). Slope half-life was 2.8h in Faladje vs 2H in Bougoula-Hameau (p<0.001) and Proportions of 72H patients with residual parasitemia were 68.5% and 40% in Faladje and Bougoula-Hameau, respectively (p=0.003). The mean residual parasitemia was 2.9 in Faladje vs. 0.008 in Bougoula-Hameau (p=0.002). Although artesunate is efficacious in Mali, the longer parasite clearance time with submicroscopic parasitemia observed may represent early signs of developing P. falciparum resistance to artemisinins
Persistent Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia 72 Hours after Treatment with Artemether-Lumefantrine Predicts 42-Day Treatment Failure in Mali and Burkina Faso.
A recent randomized controlled trial, the WANECAM (West African Network for Clinical Trials of Antimalarial Drugs) trial, conducted at seven centers in West Africa, found that artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine, pyronaridine-artesunate, and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine all displayed good efficacy. However, artemether-lumefantrine was associated with a shorter interval between clinical episodes than the other regimens. In a further comparison of these therapies, we identified cases of persisting submicroscopic parasitemia by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at 72 h posttreatment among WANECAM participants from 5 sites in Mali and Burkina Faso, and we compared treatment outcomes for this group to those with complete parasite clearance by 72 h. Among 552 evaluable patients, 17.7% had qPCR-detectable parasitemia at 72 h during their first treatment episode. This proportion varied among sites, reflecting differences in malaria transmission intensity, but did not differ among pooled drug treatment groups. However, patients who received artemether-lumefantrine and were qPCR positive at 72 h were significantly more likely to have microscopically detectable recurrent Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia by day 42 than those receiving other regimens and experienced, on average, a shorter interval before the next clinical episode. Haplotypes of pfcrt and pfmdr1 were also evaluated in persisting parasites. These data identify a possible threat to the parasitological efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in West Africa, over a decade since it was first introduced on a large scale
Quinine Treatment Selects the pfnhe-1 ms4760-1 Polymorphism in Malian Patients with Falciparum Malaria
Background. The mechanism of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to quinine is not known. In vitro quantitative trait loci mapping suggests involvement of a predicted P. falciparum sodium-hydrogen exchanger (pfnhe-1) on chromosome 13. Methods. We conducted prospective quinine efficacy studies in 2 villages, Kolle and Faladie, Mali. Cases of clinical malaria requiring intravenous therapy were treated with standard doses of quinine and followed for 28 days. Treatment outcomes were classified using modified World Health Organization protocols. Molecular markers of parasite polymorphisms were used to distinguish recrudescent parasites from new infections. The prevalence of pfnhe-1 ms4760-1 among parasites before versus after quinine treatment was determined by direct sequencing. Results. Overall, 163 patients were enrolled and successfully followed. Without molecular correction, the mean adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) was 50.3% (n = 163). After polymerase chain reaction correction to account for new infections, the corrected ACPR was 100%. The prevalence of ms4760-1 increased significantly, from 26.2% (n = 107) before quinine treatment to 46.3% (n = 54) after therapy (P = .01). In a control sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine study, the prevalence of ms4760-1 was similar before and after treatment. Conclusions. This study supports a role for pfnhe-1 in decreased susceptibility of P. falciparum to quinine in the field.Howard Hughes Medical Institute [55005502]; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership [EDCTP IP_07_31060_002]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Long-term cellular immunity of vaccines for Zaire Ebola Virus Diseases
Recent Ebola outbreaks underscore the importance of continuous prevention and disease control efforts. Authorized vaccines include Merck’s Ervebo (rVSV-ZEBOV) and Johnson & Johnson’s two-dose combination (Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo). Here, in a five-year follow-up of the PREVAC randomized trial (NCT02876328), we report the results of the immunology ancillary study of the trial. The primary endpoint is to evaluate long-term memory T-cell responses induced by three vaccine regimens: Ad26–MVA, rVSV, and rVSV–booster. Polyfunctional EBOV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses increase after Ad26 priming and are further boosted by MVA, whereas minimal responses are observed in the rVSV groups, declining after one year. In-vitro expansion for eight days show sustained EBOV-specific T-cell responses for up to 60 months post-prime vaccination with both Ad26-MVA and rVSV, with no decline. Cytokine production analysis identify shared biomarkers between the Ad26-MVA and rVSV groups. In secondary endpoint, we observed an elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines at Day 7 in the rVSV group. Finally, we establish a correlation between EBOV-specific T-cell responses and anti-EBOV IgG responses. Our findings can guide booster vaccination recommendations and help identify populations likely to benefit from revaccination
Variabilité de la crue du fleuve et options agricoles dans le delta intérieur du Niger : riziculture ou bourgouculture ?
Depuis toujours, les populations d’Afrique de l’Ouest utilisent le fleuve et le delta intérieur du Niger pour la pêche, le transport, l’agriculture et le pâturage des animaux. Plus récemment, l’eau du fleuve est également utilisée pour produire de l’électricité et irriguer les terres. L’article s’intéresse ici à la capacité des périmètres irrigués à compenser les pertes qu’auraient à subir les éleveurs et les pêcheurs de la région de Mopti au Mali suite à la mise en eau d’un nouveau barrage sur le fleuve
LA POLITIQUE DE FINANCEMENT DES START-UPS DU MALI : CAS DE BAMAKO
Un projet de start-up se distingue par son caractère de fort potentiel de croissance. Sa création s’accompagne de véritables perspectives de développement rapide et à grande échelle. Créer une startup diffère alors des autres projets entrepreneuriaux par son fondement, ses objectifs, les outils de son développement et sa mise en œuvre. Il est d’une importance primordiale pour un porteur de projet de maitriser les notions en relation avec le développement d’idées de start-up et le processus de création de cette dernière ainsi que les moyens de financement classiques misent en disposition et les nouvelles formes de financements modernes plus adaptées permises par le développement des nouvelles technologies dans les FinTech, dans ce contexte le présent travail de recherche se fixe trois objectifs spécifiques. Dans un premier, à travers la statistique descriptive, il Identifie les modes de financement des start-ups au Mali. Dans le deuxième, il identifie les modes de financement les plus utilisés à l’aide d’une régression de corrélation bilatérale. En troisième, à l’aide du questionnaire, il identifie les difficultés liées à l’acquisition des emprunts bancaires liées au financement des start-ups.
Il ressort dans le résultat que les modes de financement des start-ups au mali sont le financement participatif et l’emprunt bancaire. Parmi les modes de financement, les résultats indiquent que le mode financement participatif est le plus utilisés. Donc en dernier ressort, il est apparu que le mode de financement participatif est corrélé positivement aux sources de financement des start-ups et significatif au seuil de 5%. A cet effet, il convient de noter que les start-ups peuvent combiner plusieurs sources de financement pour répondre à leurs besoins en capitaux. Chaque source de financement a ses propres avantages et inconvénients, et le choix dépendra de la situation spécifique de la start-up et de ses objectifs à long terme
ANALYSE DE L’EQUILIBRE ENTRE VIE PRIVEE ET VIE PROFESSIONNELLE DANS UNE ENTREPRISE DE TELECOMMUNICATION : CAS DE MOOV-AFRICA
L'équilibre entre vie privée et vie professionnelle est un enjeu majeur pour les entreprises soucieuses du bien-être de leurs employés et de leur performance globale. Cette recherche vise à analyser les facteurs influençant cet équilibre chez le personnel de MOOV AFRICA, ainsi que les implications de cet équilibre sur leur santé, leur bien-être et leur performance au travail. Après avoir examiné le contexte général de l'équilibre vie-travail et identifié les défis spécifiques rencontrés par les agents, nous avons analysé les résultats de notre recherche. Nos résultats montrent que plusieurs facteurs, tels que la charge de travail, les horaires de travail, le soutien social et les attentes familiales, influencent l'équilibre vie-travail des personnels.
Nous avons également constaté que cet équilibre a des implications importantes sur la santé et le bien-être du personnel, ainsi que sur leur performance au travail. Les personnes qui parviennent à concilier de manière satisfaisante leurs obligations professionnelles et leurs engagements personnels sont plus susceptibles d'être en bonne santé, motivés et productifs au travail