Synergistically Boosted Degradation of Organic Dyes by CeO₂ Nanoparticles with Fluoride at Low pH

Catalysts that can work without the need of light and additional oxidants such as H2O2 to degrade organic pollutants have been long sought. In this work, we report that at acidic condition, CeO2 nanoparticles can effectively degrade various organic dyes such as rhodamine B, fluorescein, xylene cyanol FF, brilliant blue G-250, and coomassie brilliant blue R-250 in the presence of fluoride in dark. The degradation kinetics are fast, and F– accelerates the reaction by at least 89-fold. Each gram of CeO2 can degrade 0.47 g of rhodamine B before the need of regeneration. Therefore, the synergistic effect of fluoride and acid drastically boosted degradation of organic dyes by CeO2 under ambient temperature. No other chemicals like H2O2, UV light, or ultrasonic treatment are required. By using UV–vis spectrometry and chemical oxygen demand analysis, the removal of rhodamine B proceeded by an initial fast partial degradation followed by a slower full degradation. In addition, the removal capacity, reusability, the effect of CeO2, acid and F– were studied in detail. The mechanism of fluoride was attributed to the increased oxygen vacancy on CeO2, and a strong acidic environment further boosted this effect

Additional file 1: of Job preferences of undergraduate nursing students in eastern China: a discrete choice experiment

Table S1. Table that demonstrates the results from a mixed logit model of discrete choice experiment data from all final year undergraduate nursing students. (DOCX 15 kb

Table_2_Causal effects between gut microbiota and IgA nephropathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

BackgroundTherapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiota (GM) may be helpful in the potential prevention and treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Meanwhile, relevant studies demonstrated a correlation between GM and IgAN, however, these confounding evidence cannot prove a causal relationship between GM and IgAN.MethodsBased on the data from the GM genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MiBioGen and the IgAN GWAS data from the FinnGen research. A bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the causal relationship between GM and IgAN. We used inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary method to determine the causal relationship between exposure and outcome in our MR study. Besides, we used additional analysis (MR-Egger, weighted median) and sensitivity analysis (Cochrane’s Q test, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO) to select significant results, followed by Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) to test the results of MR study. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was conducted to estimate the probability of reverse causality.ResultsAt the locus-wide significance level, the results of IVW method and additional analysis showed that Genus Enterorhabdus was a protective factor for IgAN [OR: 0.456, 95% CI: 0.238-0.875, p=0.023], while Genus butyricicoccus was a risk factor for IgAN [OR: 3.471, 95% CI: 1.671-7.209, p=0.0008]. In the sensitivity analysis, no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity of the results was found.ConclusionOur study revealed the causal relationship between GM and IgAN, and expanded the variety of bacterial taxa causally related to IgAN. These bacterial taxa could become novel biomarkers to facilitate the development of targeted therapies for IgAN, developing our understanding of the “gut-kidney axis”.</p

Table_4_Causal effects between gut microbiota and IgA nephropathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

BackgroundTherapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiota (GM) may be helpful in the potential prevention and treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Meanwhile, relevant studies demonstrated a correlation between GM and IgAN, however, these confounding evidence cannot prove a causal relationship between GM and IgAN.MethodsBased on the data from the GM genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MiBioGen and the IgAN GWAS data from the FinnGen research. A bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the causal relationship between GM and IgAN. We used inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary method to determine the causal relationship between exposure and outcome in our MR study. Besides, we used additional analysis (MR-Egger, weighted median) and sensitivity analysis (Cochrane’s Q test, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO) to select significant results, followed by Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) to test the results of MR study. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was conducted to estimate the probability of reverse causality.ResultsAt the locus-wide significance level, the results of IVW method and additional analysis showed that Genus Enterorhabdus was a protective factor for IgAN [OR: 0.456, 95% CI: 0.238-0.875, p=0.023], while Genus butyricicoccus was a risk factor for IgAN [OR: 3.471, 95% CI: 1.671-7.209, p=0.0008]. In the sensitivity analysis, no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity of the results was found.ConclusionOur study revealed the causal relationship between GM and IgAN, and expanded the variety of bacterial taxa causally related to IgAN. These bacterial taxa could become novel biomarkers to facilitate the development of targeted therapies for IgAN, developing our understanding of the “gut-kidney axis”.</p

Table_1_Causal effects between gut microbiota and IgA nephropathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

BackgroundTherapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiota (GM) may be helpful in the potential prevention and treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Meanwhile, relevant studies demonstrated a correlation between GM and IgAN, however, these confounding evidence cannot prove a causal relationship between GM and IgAN.MethodsBased on the data from the GM genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MiBioGen and the IgAN GWAS data from the FinnGen research. A bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the causal relationship between GM and IgAN. We used inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary method to determine the causal relationship between exposure and outcome in our MR study. Besides, we used additional analysis (MR-Egger, weighted median) and sensitivity analysis (Cochrane’s Q test, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO) to select significant results, followed by Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) to test the results of MR study. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was conducted to estimate the probability of reverse causality.ResultsAt the locus-wide significance level, the results of IVW method and additional analysis showed that Genus Enterorhabdus was a protective factor for IgAN [OR: 0.456, 95% CI: 0.238-0.875, p=0.023], while Genus butyricicoccus was a risk factor for IgAN [OR: 3.471, 95% CI: 1.671-7.209, p=0.0008]. In the sensitivity analysis, no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity of the results was found.ConclusionOur study revealed the causal relationship between GM and IgAN, and expanded the variety of bacterial taxa causally related to IgAN. These bacterial taxa could become novel biomarkers to facilitate the development of targeted therapies for IgAN, developing our understanding of the “gut-kidney axis”.</p

Table_3_Causal effects between gut microbiota and IgA nephropathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

BackgroundTherapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiota (GM) may be helpful in the potential prevention and treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Meanwhile, relevant studies demonstrated a correlation between GM and IgAN, however, these confounding evidence cannot prove a causal relationship between GM and IgAN.MethodsBased on the data from the GM genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MiBioGen and the IgAN GWAS data from the FinnGen research. A bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the causal relationship between GM and IgAN. We used inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary method to determine the causal relationship between exposure and outcome in our MR study. Besides, we used additional analysis (MR-Egger, weighted median) and sensitivity analysis (Cochrane’s Q test, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO) to select significant results, followed by Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) to test the results of MR study. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was conducted to estimate the probability of reverse causality.ResultsAt the locus-wide significance level, the results of IVW method and additional analysis showed that Genus Enterorhabdus was a protective factor for IgAN [OR: 0.456, 95% CI: 0.238-0.875, p=0.023], while Genus butyricicoccus was a risk factor for IgAN [OR: 3.471, 95% CI: 1.671-7.209, p=0.0008]. In the sensitivity analysis, no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity of the results was found.ConclusionOur study revealed the causal relationship between GM and IgAN, and expanded the variety of bacterial taxa causally related to IgAN. These bacterial taxa could become novel biomarkers to facilitate the development of targeted therapies for IgAN, developing our understanding of the “gut-kidney axis”.</p

Comparison of MRF(D1) and CDR at different sample sizes.

Comparison of MRF(D1) and CDR at different sample sizes.</p

Determination of Preservative Allergens in Skincare Products by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) With Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Optimization

The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions of 15 preservative allergens from skincare products using response surface methodology (RSM) and determination by gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The optimal parameters were: 50% acetonitrile (ACN) (% v/v), a solvent/sample ratio of 80, and an extraction time of 10 min. The method provided good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.990) from 0.01 to 2 µg/mL with low limits of detection (0.02–0.2 mg/kg) and quantification (0.04–1 mg/kg). Recoveries ranged from 70.1 to 125.6% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) varied from 2.0 to 14.9%. The method was successfully applied to eighty skincare products to accurately quantify these preservatives allergens.</p

High Corrosion Resistance of a Ti-Based Anode with Sn/Ti/Nb Ternary Metal Oxide Interlayers

Ti-based anodes are widely applied in water splitting, the chlor-alkali industry, hydrometallurgy, and organic compound electrochemical synthesis. However, the thickening passivation layer in Ti substrates in acidic electrolytes accelerates the deactivation of whole Ti-based anodes. In order to block the attack from the reactive oxygen species, a compact interlayer containing ternary metal oxides (SnO2, TiO2, and Nb2O5, STN) on Ti foil (denoted as Ti–STN) was prepared via a facile thermal-decomposition method. The SnO2, TiO2, and Nb2O5 components impose the mutual restriction of grain growth during the pyrolytic synthetic progress, which promotes the grain refinement of STN interlayers. Due to the compact and stable STN interlayers, the Ti–STN substrate and the Ti–STN-derived active anodes presented an enhanced corrosion resistance and prolonged service lives. Hence, we believe that the Ti–STN substrate and the grain-refinement method to resist electrochemical corrosion in this work offer new approaches for the development of industrial electrolysis and electrochemical energy conversion devices

Displacement of human mobility (D1, see S2 Fig for D2).

A, The distribution of displacement P(Δr) under time scales δ ≈ 7.5min, 30min, 2hour, 8hour, 32hour. B-F, The solid lines (green and blue) indicate a truncated power law and a log-normal distribution with best fitting parameters, respectively. The insets show the best power law fitting for the tails (from 70%ile to 96%ile). G, The variation trend of fitting parameter β with time scale δ with standard deviation as error bar.</p