Intercultural Communication Training for Translators: A Comparative Analysis

The paper investigates what is the understanding of intercultural competence (IC) for translators across six European countries. This is done using data from a comprehensive survey carried out in 2012 as part of the Promoting Intercultural Competence in Translators (PICT) project. The first part of the paper looks at the results obtained across the six different countries in two key-areas: the importance attached to IC competences by different groups and how these groups conceptualize IC for translators. The analysis here is mostly quantitative, employing Spitzberg’s IC model. The paper produces both academic-student comparisons as well as comparisons across the six academic approaches. The second part of the papers focuses on the way in which IC is conceptually seen by teachers and students in two chosen countries: Poland and United Kingdom. The analysis turns much more qualitative at this stage in order to analyse the complex nuances identified in the respondents’ answers. Cross-country and teacher-student analyses are provided in this context. The views of the respondents from the two countries on what IC for translators consist of provide a rich tapestry of overlapping yet distinct meanings and understandings of the theoretical and practical aspects. These understandings are grouped, for research purposes, into several conceptual categories. The analysis demonstrates that there are a number of common strands in the understanding of IC for translators. There are also (national) differences in the way IC for translators is conceptualized. Recent years have seen a proliferation of pedagogical models for the teaching of IC for translators; in the view of the author, these models need to take into account both the common strands as well as the distinct conceptual understandings when defining what IC for translators is

Special Issue Editorial: ‘Community Voices: Perspectives in public service translation’

Editoria

The evolution of dwarf galaxy satellites with different dark matter density profiles in the ErisMod simulations. I. The early infalls

We present the first simulations of tidal stirring of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group carried out in a cosmological context. We use the ErisDARK simulation of a MW-sized galaxy to identify some of the most massive subhalos ($M_{vir} > 10^8 M_{\odot}$) that fall into the main host before $z=2$. Subhalos are replaced before infall with high-resolution models of dwarf galaxies comprising a faint stellar disk embedded in a dark matter halo. The set of models contains cuspy halos as well as halos with "cored" profiles (with asymptotic inner slope $\gamma = 0.6$). The simulations are then run to $z=0$ with as many as 54 million particles and resolution as small as $\sim 4$ pc using the N-Body code ChaNGa. The stellar components of all satellites are significantly affected by tidal stirring, losing stellar mass and undergoing a morphological transformation towards a pressure supported spheroidal system. However, while some remnants with cuspy halos maintain significant rotational flattening and disk-like features, all the shallow halo models achieve $v/\sigma < 0.5$ and round shapes typical of dSph satellites of the MW and M31. Mass loss is also enhanced in the latter, and remnants can reach luminosities and velocity dispersions as low as those of Ultra Faint Dwarfs (UFDs). We argue that cuspy progenitors must be the exception rather than the rule among satellites of the MW since all the MW and M31 satellites in the luminosity range of our remnants are dSphs, a result matched only in the simulation with "cored" models

Operationalising Intercultural Competence for Translation Pedagogy

This article discusses intercultural competence in the context of translator training. It looks at the way this competence is incorporated and defined in the overall translation competence models, moving on to introduce two models that focus on intercultural competence in particular and serve to operationalize the concept for pedagogical purposes. Making this competence more explicit in translator training is considered vital: in the light of results gained from a survey into the current pedagogical practice (PICT 2012), translator trainers’ and translation students’ understanding of the nature and extent of (inter)cultural training do not match. This calls for re-evaluation of teaching practice which, in turn, presupposes a detailed, comprehensive account of the various dimensions of intercultural competence a translator is to possess. This article discusses these dimensions and provides exemplary scenarios on how to address them in translator training

Električna vodljivost i fotovodljivost u a–Se0.6Te0.4

The DC conductivity and photoconductivity of a-Se0.6Te0.4 is studied in the temperature range from 150 K to 300 K. From the temperature dependence of the dark current, the thermal activation energy of 0.14 eV was obtained. The lux-ampere characteristics at different temperatures and voltages between electrodes show that photocurrent is proportional to the flux of light to the power γ. The activation energy of the carriers from dangling-bond levels was obtained from the photocurrent variation with temperature.Proučavana je istosmjerna električna struja i fotostruja tankih filmova Se0.6Te0.4 u temperaturnom području od 150 K do 300 K. Iz temperaturne ovisnosti tamne struje nađeno je da aktivacijska termička energija iznosi 140 meV. Mjerenja pokazuju da je fotostruja proporcionalna s Φγ , gdje je Φ svjetlosni tok

Characterizing the hydraulic properties of paper coating layer using FIB-SEM tomography and 3D pore-scale modeling

AbstractPaper used in the printing industry generally contains a relatively thin porous coating covering a thicker fibrous base layer. The three-dimensional pore structure of coatings has a major effect on fluid flow patterns inside the paper medium. Understanding and quantifying the flow properties of thin coating layers is hence crucial. Pore spaces within the coating have an average size of about 180nm. We used scanning electron microscopy combined with focused ion beam (FIB-SEM) to visualize the nano-scale pore structure of the paper coating layer. Post-processing of the FIB-SEM images allowed us to reconstruct the three-dimensional pore space of the coating. The 3D FIB-SEM images were analyzed in detail to obtain pore size distribution and porosity value. The permeability was estimated using the GeoDict software, based on solutions of the Stokes equation. By determining the porosity and permeability of increasingly larger domain sizes, we estimated the size of a representative elementary volume (REV) for the coating layer to be 60µm3, which is well within the volume analyzed using FIB-SEM. The estimated porosity and permeability of the REV domain were 0.34 and 0.09 mDarcy, respectively. Using the pore morphology method, capillary pressure-saturation (Pc-S) and relative permeability curves of the REV domain could be constructed next. The Pc-S curves showed that the coating had a high air entry suction, which is very favorable for printing in that ink will invade the coating as soon as it is applied to the coating. Our results are essential for macroscale modelling of ink penetration into a coating layer during inkjet printing. Macroscopic models can be valuable tools for optimization of the penetration depth and the spreading of ink on and within paper substrates