A schematic diagram summarizing the interplay between adiponectin and ADM.

<p>Adiponectin and ADM could regulate each other in 3 ways: 1. Gene-gene interactions from the respective SNPs; 2. ADM could increase adiponectin gene expression and secretion [13. Liao et al., 2012]; 3. In type 2 diabetes, plasma adiponectin level tends to be lower [36. Tso et al., 2006], while plasma ADM level tends to be higher [6. Cheung and Leung, 1997).</p

Subject characteristics according to different genotypes of rs182052 and rs12495941.

<p>Data are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.</p><p>P values are adjusted for age and sex (except for age and sex respectively).</p>*<p>Variables with skewed distribution are natural log-transformed and expressed as geometric mean (95% confidence interval).</p><p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index; ADM, adrenomedullin; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α R2, soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2; ADM, adrenomedullin.</p

Multivariate analysis of rs182052 with plasma ADM level (ln-transformed).

*<p>Standardized regression coefficient is shown.</p>**<p>Unstandardized regression coefficient is shown.</p>∧<p>P values remain significant after permutation test for 1000 times (P<0.05).</p><p>Model 1: Unadjusted model.</p><p>Model 2: Adjusted for age and sex only.</p><p>Model 3: Further adjusted for biochemical parameters including waist circumference, LDL cholesterol, SBP, fibrinogen and natural log of triglycerides, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose level, hsCRP, adiponectin, interleukin-6, TNF-α R2, ALP and GGT.</p><p>Model 4: Further adjusted for lifestyle factors such as regular drinking, smoking and exercise.</p

A diagram showing plasma ADM levels with different genotypes in rs182052.

<p>The error bars represent mean ±95% CI. P values were calculated using natural log-transformed levels after adjusting for age and sex.</p