Table_1_Influence of cultivation substrate on antioxidant activities and triterpenoid profiles of the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum.XLSX

IntroductionThe fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum has been believed to possess a wide range of therapeutic effects. There are two main methods for artificial cultivation of G. lucidum to produce the fruiting body, namely wood log cultivation and substitute cultivation. The impact of cultivation substrates on the composition of bioactive compounds remains largely unexplored. This study aims to compare the antioxidant activities and triterpenoid profiles of the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum that cultivated through wood log cultivation (WGL) and substitute cultivation (SGL) methods.MethodsThe antioxidant activities, including the DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, and total antioxidant activities, were assessed in both WGL and SGL samples. Furthermore, the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS technique was employed to compare their phytochemical profiles, with a specific emphasis on triterpenoid constituents.Results and discussionIt was found that WGL samples exhibited significantly higher total triterpenoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics approach employing UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS tentatively identified a total of 96 triterpenoids. Distinguishingly different triterpenoid profiles between the two types of G. lucidum samples were revealed via the utilization of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Specifically, 17 triterpenoids showed significant differences. Of these triterpenoids, 6 compounds, such as ganosporelactone B, ganoderol A, ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid alpha, were significantly higher in SGL samples; 11 compounds, such as lucidenic acid A, lucidenic acid D1, lucidenic acid F, lucidenic acid G, lucidenic acid J, ganoderic acid E, and ganoderic acid O, were significantly higher in WGL samples. These findings expand our knowledge regarding the impact of cultivation substrate on the antioxidant activities and triterpenoid profiles of G. lucidum, and offer practical implications for its cultivation.</p

Additional file 1: of Hydrogen sulfide promotes immunomodulation of gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the Fas/FasL coupling pathway

is Figure S1 showing mouse GMSCs produced H2S, Figure S2 showing H2S is required in GMSCs to induce T-cell apoptosis, Figure S3 showing efficacy of FasL overexpression, as assessed by western blot analysis, and Figure S4 showing H2S promoted T cells migrating to GMSCs via promoting MCP-1 secretion. (PDF 1802 kb

supplementary material from A rapid microwave synthesis of green-emissive carbon dots with solid-state fluorescence and pH-sensitive properties

The emerging carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been attracting significant attention for their prominent fluorescence, excellent stability and outstanding biocompatibility. Here, we report a facile one-step synthesis of highly fluorescent CQDs by using phthalic acid and triethylenediamine hexahydrate as precursors through a simply microwave-assisted method. The reaction time only need 60 s which is less time-consumed than most previous reports. The phthalic acid with a benzene ring can improve the photoluminescence properties of CQDs as it can provide a foreign <i>sp</i>2 conjugating units, and then finally result in long-wavelength emission. The synthesized CQDs were fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Besides, the impacts of different freed ratio on physical and chemical properties of CQDs were investigated in detail. The prepared CQDs exhibited strong green fluorescence with a broad maximum emission wavelength. The quantum yields of the CQDs can reach 16.1% in aqueous solution and they were successfully used in cell imaging with good biocompatibility. Moreover, in solid state, the CQDs with the feed ratio of 1 : 0.5 showed a strong green–yellow fluorescence which may have great potential to fabricate optoelectronic devices device. Furthermore, the prepared CQDs also showed highly pH sensitivity and can act as a fluorescence nanosensor for pH sensing

Developing Polymer Cathode Material for the Chloride Ion Battery

The chloride ion battery is an attractive rechargeable battery owing to its high theoretical energy density and sustainable components. An important challenge for research and development of chloride ion batteries lies in the innovation of the cathode materials. Here we report a nanostructured chloride ion-doped polymer, polypyrrole chloride, as a new type of potential cathode material for the chloride ion battery. The as-prepared polypyrrole chloride@carbon nanotubes (PPyCl@CNTs) cathode shows a high reversible capacity of 118 mAh g^–1 and superior cycling stability. Reversible electrochemical reactions of the PPyCl@CNTs cathode based on the redox reactions of nitrogen species and chloride ion transfer are demonstrated. Our work may guide and offer electrode design principles for accelerating the development of rechargeable batteries with anion transfer

In vitro splicing assay of the c.1439+1G>C mutation.

<p>(A) The splice region (c.1439+1, intron 9) of <i>SCNN1A</i> gene was amplified and products were ligated into the pcDNA3.1/Myc-His B vector. (B) RT-PCR of HEK293 cells transfected with either wild-type or mutant <i>SCNN1A.</i> Minigenes showed that the mutation c.1439+1G>C was sufficient to produce a longer band. (C) Lane 1: Empty pcDNA3.1 vector; Lane 2: wild-type <i>SCNN1A</i> (256 bp); Lane 3: c.1439+1G>C mutant (361 bp); Lanes 4, 5, and 6: <i>GAPDH</i> used as control (245 bp).</p

Three novel mutations were identified in the <i>SCNN1A</i> gene.

<p>(A) Sequences showing a compound heterozygous mutations (c.1311delG in exon 8 c.1439+1G>C in intron 9) in PHA1 patient of case 1. (B) Sequences showing a homozygous mutation (c.814_815insG in exon 4) in PHA1 patient of case 2.</p

Additional file 2: of Enhancing thermal tolerance of Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase directed by structural comparison and computational simulation

Table S1. Oligonucleotide primers for AnP-M1 and AnP-M2. (DOCX 13 kb

Evaluation of resistance risk in soil due to antibiotics during application of penicillin V fermentation residue

The soil application of hydrothermally treated penicillin V fermentation residue (PFR) is attractive but challenged, due to the concern of the resistance risk in soil related to residual antibiotics. In this study, a lab-scale incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of penicillin V on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in PFR-amended soil via qPCR. The introduced penicillin V in soil could not be persistent, and its degradation occurred mainly within 2 days. The higher number of soil ARGs was detected under 108 mg/kg of penicillin V than lower contents (≤54 mg/kg). Additionally, the relative abundance of ARGs was higher in soil spiked with penicillin V than that in blank soil, and the great increase in the relative abundance of soil ARGs occurred earlier under 108 mg/kg of penicillin V than lower contents. The horizontal gene transfer might contribute to the shift of ARGs in PFR-amended soil. The results indicated that the residual penicillin V could cause the proliferation of soil ARGs and should be completely removed by hydrothermal treatment before soil application. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the resistance risk posed by penicillin V during the application of hydrothermally pretreated PFR.</p

Additional file 3: of Evaluation of three read-depth based CNV detection tools using whole-exome sequencing data

Details of eight clinical relevant CNVs. (XLS 37 kb

Additional file 1: of Enhancing thermal tolerance of Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase directed by structural comparison and computational simulation

Figure S1. Root-mean-square deviations (RMSD) of AnP and AnP-M1. RMSD of heavy atoms of AnP (black) and AnP-M1 (green) as a function of simulation time at 50 °C, and RMSD of heavy atoms of AnP (red) and AnP-M1 (blue) as a function of simulation time at 70 °C. (PDF 956 kb