Additional file 1 of Trends in weight change patterns across life course among US adults, 1988–2018: population-based study

Supplementary Material

Additional file 1: of Cholecystectomy versus central obesity or insulin resistance in relation to the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Figure S1. Combined effect of gallstone disease and central obesity defined by waist circumference/hip circumference on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cholecystectomy associated with a higher prevalence of NAFLD compared with gallstones among both centrally obese and non-central-obese subjects. Gallstones associated with a higher prevalence of NAFLD only in the presence of central obesity. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of NAFLD for participants categorized by cross-classification of central obesity and gallstone disease status were adjusted for age, sex, race ethnicity, smoking and drinking status, education level, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol. (TIF 2903 kb

Table_1_Associations of advanced liver fibrosis with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in type 2 diabetic patients according to obesity and metabolic goal achievement status.docx

BackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is frequently coexisted with obesity, poor glycemic, blood pressure (BP), and/or lipid control. We aimed to investigate the associations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced fibrosis with HFpEF according to obesity, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), BP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal achievement status in T2DM patients.MethodsA total of 2,418 T2DM patients who were hospitalized were cross-sectionally assessed. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by non-invasive biomarkers. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent and combined associations of fibrosis status and diabetic care goal attainments with HFpEF risk.ResultsSimple steatosis was not associated with HFpEF risk compared with patients without steatosis, while advanced liver fibrosis was found to have significantly higher odds for HFpEF risk (odds ratio,1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.08). Advanced fibrosis in NAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of HFpEF, regardless of obesity status, HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C goal achievement status. P values for the interactions between fibrosis status and HbA1c control status, fibrosis status and BP control status, fibrosis status and LDL-C control status, and fibrosis status and body mass index (BMI) status on HFpEF risk were 0.021, 0.13, 0.001, and 0.23, respectively.ConclusionIn patients with T2DM, advanced hepatic fibrosis was significantly associated with HFpEF risk, irrespective of obesity status, HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C goal attainment status. Further, HbA1c and LDL-C goal attainment status modified this association.</p

Additional file 1 of Non-obese NAFLD had no better cardio-metabolic risk profile than obese NAFLD in type 2 diabetic patients

Supplementary Material

Additional file 3 of Fast photosynthesis measurements for phenotyping photosynthetic capacity of rice

Additional file 3: Table S2. Correlations between the photosynthetic traits of F2 populations. The full name and units of the traits are shown in abbreviations list. The correlations were estimated by the linear model. *Significant at 5% level

Sulfidation of Ag and ZnO Nanomaterials Significantly Affects Protein Corona Composition: Implications for Human Exposure to Environmentally Aged Nanomaterials

The physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials can change drastically during aging in the environment. Understanding how these changes influence protein corona formation on nanomaterials is critical for accurately predicting the human exposure risks of aged nanomaterials. Here, we show that sulfidation, a prevalently occurring environmental aging process, of Ag and ZnO nanomaterials significantly affected the protein compositions of the hard corona formed in human saliva, sweat, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, corresponding to three most common exposure pathways, that is, ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. In particular, a diverse variety of proteins selectively associated with either sulfidized or pristine nanomaterials. Random forest classification of the proteomic data revealed that this selective protein adsorption process was mainly dictated by electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and steric hindrance between proteins and nanomaterials, which were susceptible to the changes in surface charge, hydrophobicity, and aggregation status of nanomaterials induced by sulfidation. Furthermore, even for the proteins that do not exhibit distinct adsorption selectivity between sulfidized and pristine nanomaterials, sulfidation altered the extents of impact of nanomaterials on the conformation and likely functions of the adsorbed proteins. These findings unearth a previously neglected mechanism via which environmental sulfidation process mediates the biological effects of soft-metal-containing nanomaterials

Additional file 2 of Fast photosynthesis measurements for phenotyping photosynthetic capacity of rice

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Normal Q–Q plot of photosynthetic traits

Additional file 1 of Fast photosynthesis measurements for phenotyping photosynthetic capacity of rice

Additional file 1: Table S1. Test of normality (Shapiro–Wilk) for photosynthetic traits of F2 populations. The full name and units of the traits are shown in abbreviations list

Aging of Nanoplastics Significantly Affects Protein Corona Composition Thus Enhancing Macrophage Uptake

Nanoplastics (NPs), as emerging contaminants, have attracted increasing attention for their effects on human exposure and potential health risks. The protein corona formed on the surface of NPs affects the biological activity and fate of the NPs in vivo. However, how environmental aging, an inevitable process once NPs enter the environment, affects the formation of protein corona on NPs is still unclear. This study investigated the changes in the compositions of protein corona formed on photo-aged polystyrene (PS) NPs in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), corresponding to the inhalation exposure pathway. The results demonstrated that both the species and abundance of proteins in the BALF protein corona on the surface of PS NPs were altered by aging. In addition, the aged PS NPs are more hydrophilic and less electronegative than the pristine PS NPs; hence, there is an increased sorption of more negatively charged hydrophilic proteins. Moreover, aging-induced alterations in BALF protein corona enhanced the uptake of aged PS NPs by lung macrophages J774A.1 through phagocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These findings highlight the importance of environmental aging processes in the biosafety assessment of nanoplastics