Property Variation of Magnetic Mesoporous Carbon Modified by Aminated Hollow Magnetic Nanospheres: Synthesis, Characterization, and Sorption

Magnetic mesoporous carbon with particular morphologies was fabricated by immobilizing uniform aminated hollow magnetic nanospheres (AHMNs) in an oxidized mesoporous carbon (OC) matrix with different mass ratios (AHMOC-Y, Y = 1:1, 2:1, 5:1). This study was devoted to exploring the effects on morphology, surface charge, and adsorption capacity when AHMNs were immobilized onto OC. The morphology and surface properties were studied using SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and VSM. Batch experiments were carried out to study the sorption behavior of methylene blue by AHMOC-Ys, indicating that a good adsorption capacity of cation dye could be obtained at mild conditions (at pH = 8 compared with pH = 11), which was consistent to the point of zero charge (pH_pzc). Characterization of the adsorption behavior revealed that kinetics and isotherm synthesis were well-fitted respectively by the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The rate-limiting step mainly involved film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion for the whole reaction. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The conclusion reveals that AHMOC-2:1 has advantages in terms of adsorption capacity and separation feasibility compared with OC, AHMOC-1:1, and AHMOC-5:1, which could make it preferable in practical applications for environmental purification

Invasive U87 sphere cells express CD133.

<p>A. U87 sphere cells with various invasion capability within zebrafish embryos. The extent of invasion was classified in three degrees: Low: less than 5 migrated cells; Medium: 5–20 migrated cells; High: more than 20 migrated cells. Representative images at higher magnification show the invasive RFP-labeled U87 sphere cell masses (red) in the tail region of the embryos <i>via</i> EGFP-labeled host vessels (green). B. Detection of CD133 expression on non-invasive and invasive U87 sphere cells at 2 dpi by immunofluorecent staining. All of U87 sphere cells within injected embryos were stained with monoclonal anti-CD133 antibody (1∶300) and examined by confocal microscopy. Green: Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 microvessels; red: RFP-labeled U87 sphere cells; blue: CD133 positive U87 cells. C. Quantitative analysis of CD133-expressing cells in non-invasive cell group (n = 713) and high-invasive cell group (n = 175) at 2 dpi. (<i>p</i><0.001).</p

Additional file 1 of Meta-analysis and systematic review of the relationship between sex and the risk or incidence of poststroke aphasia and its types

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figure 1. Sex and the risk of poststroke aphasia (before exclusion). Supplementary Figure 2. Sensitivity analysis of sex and the risk of poststroke aphasia. Supplementary Figure 3. Sensitivity analysis of incidence of poststroke aphasia. Supplementary Figure 4. Sensitivity analysis of incidence of poststroke aphasia in male. Supplementary Figure 5. Sensitivity analysis of incidence of poststroke aphasia in female. Supplementary Figure 6. Sex and the risk of global aphasia. Supplementary Figure 7. Sex and the risk of broca aphasia. Supplementary Figure 8. Sex and the risk of anomic aphasia. Supplementary Figure 9. Sex and the risk of wernicke aphasia. Supplementary Figure 10. Sex and the risk of transcortical mixed aphasia. Supplementary Figure 11. Sex and the risk of conductive aphasia. Supplementary Figure 12. Sex and the risk of transcortical sensory aphasia. Supplementary Figure 13. Sex and the risk of transcortical mortor aphasia. Supplementary Figure 14. Sex and the risk of other type of aphasia

The establishment of U87 glioma sphere cell invasion model in zebrafish embryos.

<p>A. Dual color confocal image shows that U87 sphere cells (RFP labeled, red) were microinjected into the middle of yolk <i>sac</i> within Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 transgenic zebrafish embryos (EGFP labeled, green). B. Different numbers of U87-RFP glioma sphere cells were microinjected into Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 embryos (n = 300 in each group), and the percentage of embryos with invasive tumor cells was quantitated. C. The survival rate of Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 zebrafish embryos microinjected with different numbers of U87-RFP glioma sphere cells (n = 300 in each group). D. Representative dual color confocal images of RFP-labeled U87 sphere cells within Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 zebrafish embryos at the different invasive stages. Red: RFP-labeled U87 sphere cells; Green: Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 microvessels.</p

MMP-9 mediates invasion and spread of CD133⁺ U87 GSCs in zebrafish embryos.

<p>A. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 RNA in CD133⁻ U87 cells and CD133⁺ U87 GSCs were examined by qRT-PCR. B. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in CD133⁻ U87 cells and CD133⁺ U87 GSCs examined by Western blot. C. The inhibitory effect of MMP-9 inhibitor (AG-L-66085) on the invasion of CD133⁺ U87 GSCs within zebrafish embryos. The embryos xenografted with CD133⁺ U87 GSCs were treated with 2 µM AG-L-66085 or DMSO control. The percentages of invasive cells in injected embryos (low, medium, or high-invasion) were measured at 2 dpi. The data were obtained from three replicate experiments with the number of embryos: n = 123 for DMSO control group, n = 119 for MMP-9 inhibitor group, and n = 144 for negative control group (<i>p</i><0.001).</p

Quantitation of invading tumor cells within zebrafish embryos injected with U87 cells.

<p>U87 sphere cells and U87 CD133⁺ GSCs. The data were obtained from three replicate experiments of 50 injected embryos for each experiment.</p

CD133+ U87 GSCs are highly invasive within zebrafish embryos.

<p>A. Representative images of the invasion of differentiated U87 cells, U87 sphere cells, and CD133+ U87 GSCs within the injected embryos at 2 dpi. The images at higher magnification show the invasive RFP-labeled cell masses at tail region of embryos <i>via</i> host vessels. B. The percentage of the embryos with invasive cells injected with RFP-labeled differentiated U87 cells, U87 sphere cells, and CD133⁺ U87 GSCs. The data were obtained from three replicate experiments of 50 injected embryos in each experiment: n = 124 for live embryos injected with differentiated U87 cells, n = 121 for embryos injected with U87 sphere cells, and n = 120 for embryos injected with CD133⁺ cells C. The percentage of invasive cells within total injected cells (Invasion Index) in the embryos. All injected cells including invasive or non-invasive cells within zebrafish embryos were evaluated by ImageJ software through fluorescence intensity. n = 37200 (300 injected cells per embryo among 124 live embryos) for differentiated U87 cell group, n = 36300 (300 injected cells per embryo among 121 live embryos) for U87 sphere cell group, and n = 36000 (300 cells per embryo among 120 live embryos) for CD133⁺ U87 GSCs group (<i>p</i><0.001).</p

A Novel Zebrafish Xenotransplantation Model for Study of Glioma Stem Cell Invasion

<div><p>Invasion and metastasis of solid tumors are the major causes of death in cancer patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a small fraction of tumor cell population, but play a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis. The xenograft of tumor cells in immunodeficient mice is one of commonly used <i>in vivo</i> models to study the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. However, this model is time-consuming and labor intensive. Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) and their transparent embryos are emerging as a promising xenograft tumor model system for studies of tumor invasion. In this study, we established a tumor invasion model by using zebrafish embryo xenografted with human glioblastoma cell line U87 and its derived cancer stem cells (CSCs). We found that CSCs-enriched from U87 cells spreaded <i>via</i> the vessels within zebrafish embryos and such cells displayed an extremely high level of invasiveness which was associated with the up-regulated MMP-9 by CSCs. The invasion of glioma CSCs (GSCs) in zebrafish embryos was markedly inhibited by an MMP-9 inhibitor. Thus, our zebrafish embryo model is considered a cost-effective approach tostudies of the mechanisms underlying the invasion of CSCs and suitable for high-throughput screening of novel anti-tumor invasion/metastasis agents.</p></div

MOESM1 of SLC39A6: a potential target for diagnosis and therapy of esophageal carcinoma

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The number of different kinds of the esophageal tissues and the overlapping sample among them