Polyacrylate and Carboxylic Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Strengthened Aramid Fabrics as Flexible Puncture-Resistant Composites for Anti-Stabbing Applications

Lightweight and soft puncture-resistant fabrics have great applications in professional clothing. A soft composite fabric was fabricated by coating a water-soluble polyacrylate emulsion (PAE) on the surface of aramid fabric (AF; AF/PAE). The areal weight of AF/PAE fabric was only 7.1% higher than that of AF ones. Under spike stabbing, both the maximum load and energy absorption capacity of AF/PAE were about 4.5 times higher than those of AF. The puncture resistance of AF/PAE was superior to those of shear thickening fluid (STF)-impregnated AF (AF/STF) and polyurethane (PU)-sprayed AF (AF/PU) under the same areal weight or thickness. Carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH; 0.4 wt %) were then added to AF/PAE to further enhance the puncture resistance of the composite fabric. The spike punching resistance of AF/PAE increased by about 49.2% after the addition of MWCNTs-COOH. MWCNTs-COOH created a bridge effect between fibers to enhance friction between yarns. In addition, MWCNTs-COOH on the fiber surface can form a network protective membrane, which can effectively disperse stress and reduce fiber fibrillation, thus improving the puncture resistance of the fabric. This study provides an efficient method for the development of lightweight and flexible anti-stabbing equipment

Property Variation of Magnetic Mesoporous Carbon Modified by Aminated Hollow Magnetic Nanospheres: Synthesis, Characterization, and Sorption

Magnetic mesoporous carbon with particular morphologies was fabricated by immobilizing uniform aminated hollow magnetic nanospheres (AHMNs) in an oxidized mesoporous carbon (OC) matrix with different mass ratios (AHMOC-Y, Y = 1:1, 2:1, 5:1). This study was devoted to exploring the effects on morphology, surface charge, and adsorption capacity when AHMNs were immobilized onto OC. The morphology and surface properties were studied using SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and VSM. Batch experiments were carried out to study the sorption behavior of methylene blue by AHMOC-Ys, indicating that a good adsorption capacity of cation dye could be obtained at mild conditions (at pH = 8 compared with pH = 11), which was consistent to the point of zero charge (pH_pzc). Characterization of the adsorption behavior revealed that kinetics and isotherm synthesis were well-fitted respectively by the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The rate-limiting step mainly involved film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion for the whole reaction. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The conclusion reveals that AHMOC-2:1 has advantages in terms of adsorption capacity and separation feasibility compared with OC, AHMOC-1:1, and AHMOC-5:1, which could make it preferable in practical applications for environmental purification

Additional file 1 of Identification of active small-molecule modulators targeting the novel immune checkpoint VISTA

Additional file 1. Figure S1. Murine VISTA-Fc expression and purification. (a) Protein expression in the cell supernatant gradually increased after transfection. (b) The protein was purified from the cell supernatant using Protein A resin. The murine VISTA-Fc protein was detected by Western blotting. (c) The purity of the recombinant VISTA-Fc protein was determined by SDS-PAGE. Figure S2. Murine VISTA-His expression and purification. (a) Protein expression in the cell supernatants as detected by Western blotting after transfection. (b) The protein was purified from the cell supernatant using Ni SepharoseTM 6 Fast Flow resin. The murine VISTA-his10 protein was detected by Western blotting. (c) The purity of the recombinant VISTA-His protein was determined by SDS-PAGE. Table S1. The binding rate of murine VISTA with compounds by ELISA assay.The absorbance was read at 450 nm (OD450) and 570nm(OD570).The absorbance at 570nm can be subtracted from the absorbance at 450nm. Binding rates(%) = (ODcompound-ODprotein)/ODprotein × 100%

Uncovering ceRNA integrated networks that associate with fertility in a photoperiod and temperature sensitive male sterile wheat line

The pollen fertility of photoperiod/temperature sensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) wheat is controlled by light and/or temperature. Circular RNA (circRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are known to participate in the development of anthers in plants, but their impact on male sterility in the P/TGMS line is not well understood. In this study, we carried out high-throughput sequencing to investigate the differential expression of lncRNAs and circRNAs and their biological functions in anthers of photo-thermosensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) wheat line BS366-42L during the transition phase of male fertility under four different photoperiod and temperature treatments. Eight lncRNAs, 40 mRNAs and three circRNAs were screened out and thought as essential candidates that closely related to male sterility. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to predict the potential functions of differentially expressed RNAs. The results indicated that carbohydrate-related metabolism was important for male sterility in the wheat PTGMS line BS366-42L. lncRNA/circRNA-mRNA-miRNA (ceRNA) integrate networks were constructed to reflect their complex inner association with male sterility. Our study provides a systematic perspective on the potential function of RNAs in male fertility in PTGMS lines of wheat.</p

CD133 expression on GSCs is reduced after spread in zebrafish embryos.

<p>A. CD133 expression examined on non-invasive or invasive cells in the embryos injected with CD133⁺ U87 GSCs. All CD133⁺ U87 GSCs within injected embryos were stained with a monoclonal anti-CD133 antibody (1∶300) and examined by confocal microscopy. Green: EGFP-labeled endothelial cells; red: RFP-labeled U87 sphere cells; blue: CD133⁺ U87 GSCs. B. The percentage of CD133⁺ cells in non-invasive cells or invasive cells at 2 dpi (n = 300 each group). C. Detection of CD133⁺ cell percentage in sorted CD133⁺ U87 cells in preparation for microinjection by flow cytometry (<i>p</i><0.001).</p

A Novel Zebrafish Xenotransplantation Model for Study of Glioma Stem Cell Invasion

<div><p>Invasion and metastasis of solid tumors are the major causes of death in cancer patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a small fraction of tumor cell population, but play a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis. The xenograft of tumor cells in immunodeficient mice is one of commonly used <i>in vivo</i> models to study the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. However, this model is time-consuming and labor intensive. Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) and their transparent embryos are emerging as a promising xenograft tumor model system for studies of tumor invasion. In this study, we established a tumor invasion model by using zebrafish embryo xenografted with human glioblastoma cell line U87 and its derived cancer stem cells (CSCs). We found that CSCs-enriched from U87 cells spreaded <i>via</i> the vessels within zebrafish embryos and such cells displayed an extremely high level of invasiveness which was associated with the up-regulated MMP-9 by CSCs. The invasion of glioma CSCs (GSCs) in zebrafish embryos was markedly inhibited by an MMP-9 inhibitor. Thus, our zebrafish embryo model is considered a cost-effective approach tostudies of the mechanisms underlying the invasion of CSCs and suitable for high-throughput screening of novel anti-tumor invasion/metastasis agents.</p></div

Additional file 1 of Meta-analysis and systematic review of the relationship between sex and the risk or incidence of poststroke aphasia and its types

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figure 1. Sex and the risk of poststroke aphasia (before exclusion). Supplementary Figure 2. Sensitivity analysis of sex and the risk of poststroke aphasia. Supplementary Figure 3. Sensitivity analysis of incidence of poststroke aphasia. Supplementary Figure 4. Sensitivity analysis of incidence of poststroke aphasia in male. Supplementary Figure 5. Sensitivity analysis of incidence of poststroke aphasia in female. Supplementary Figure 6. Sex and the risk of global aphasia. Supplementary Figure 7. Sex and the risk of broca aphasia. Supplementary Figure 8. Sex and the risk of anomic aphasia. Supplementary Figure 9. Sex and the risk of wernicke aphasia. Supplementary Figure 10. Sex and the risk of transcortical mixed aphasia. Supplementary Figure 11. Sex and the risk of conductive aphasia. Supplementary Figure 12. Sex and the risk of transcortical sensory aphasia. Supplementary Figure 13. Sex and the risk of transcortical mortor aphasia. Supplementary Figure 14. Sex and the risk of other type of aphasia

Invasive U87 sphere cells express CD133.

<p>A. U87 sphere cells with various invasion capability within zebrafish embryos. The extent of invasion was classified in three degrees: Low: less than 5 migrated cells; Medium: 5–20 migrated cells; High: more than 20 migrated cells. Representative images at higher magnification show the invasive RFP-labeled U87 sphere cell masses (red) in the tail region of the embryos <i>via</i> EGFP-labeled host vessels (green). B. Detection of CD133 expression on non-invasive and invasive U87 sphere cells at 2 dpi by immunofluorecent staining. All of U87 sphere cells within injected embryos were stained with monoclonal anti-CD133 antibody (1∶300) and examined by confocal microscopy. Green: Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 microvessels; red: RFP-labeled U87 sphere cells; blue: CD133 positive U87 cells. C. Quantitative analysis of CD133-expressing cells in non-invasive cell group (n = 713) and high-invasive cell group (n = 175) at 2 dpi. (<i>p</i><0.001).</p

The establishment of U87 glioma sphere cell invasion model in zebrafish embryos.

<p>A. Dual color confocal image shows that U87 sphere cells (RFP labeled, red) were microinjected into the middle of yolk <i>sac</i> within Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 transgenic zebrafish embryos (EGFP labeled, green). B. Different numbers of U87-RFP glioma sphere cells were microinjected into Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 embryos (n = 300 in each group), and the percentage of embryos with invasive tumor cells was quantitated. C. The survival rate of Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 zebrafish embryos microinjected with different numbers of U87-RFP glioma sphere cells (n = 300 in each group). D. Representative dual color confocal images of RFP-labeled U87 sphere cells within Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 zebrafish embryos at the different invasive stages. Red: RFP-labeled U87 sphere cells; Green: Tg (<i>fli1</i>:EGFP)^y1 microvessels.</p

MMP-9 mediates invasion and spread of CD133⁺ U87 GSCs in zebrafish embryos.

<p>A. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 RNA in CD133⁻ U87 cells and CD133⁺ U87 GSCs were examined by qRT-PCR. B. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in CD133⁻ U87 cells and CD133⁺ U87 GSCs examined by Western blot. C. The inhibitory effect of MMP-9 inhibitor (AG-L-66085) on the invasion of CD133⁺ U87 GSCs within zebrafish embryos. The embryos xenografted with CD133⁺ U87 GSCs were treated with 2 µM AG-L-66085 or DMSO control. The percentages of invasive cells in injected embryos (low, medium, or high-invasion) were measured at 2 dpi. The data were obtained from three replicate experiments with the number of embryos: n = 123 for DMSO control group, n = 119 for MMP-9 inhibitor group, and n = 144 for negative control group (<i>p</i><0.001).</p