Table_1_Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable esophageal cancer: A review.docx

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, especially in China. Despite therapeutic advances, the 5-year survival rate of EC is still dismal. For patients with resectable disease, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in combination with esophagectomy is the mainstay of treatment. However, the pathological complete response (pCR) rate to nCRT of 29.2% to 43.2% is not satisfactory, and approximately half of the patients will develop either a locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis. It is, therefore, necessary to explore novel and effective treatment strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of treatment. Immunotherapy utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly changed the treatment paradigm for a wide variety of advanced cancers, including EC. More recently, increasing clinical evidence has demonstrated that neoadjuvant immunotherapy can potentially improve the survival of patients with resectable cancers. Furthermore, accumulating findings support the idea that chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy can activate the immune system through a variety of mechanisms, so a combination of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with immunotherapy can have a synergistic antitumor effect. Therefore, it is reasonable to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for patients with surgically resectable EC. In this review, we discuss the rationale for neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with EC, summarize the current results of utilizing this strategy, review the planned and ongoing studies, and highlight the challenges and future research needs.</p

MOESM1 of Heterologous production of levopimaric acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this study. Table S2. Primers used for cassettes construction in this study. Figure S1. Construction of gene expression cassettes and yeast strains

Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from the leaves and twigs of <i>Ochrosia borbonica</i>

<p>Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, ochrobonines A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>), together with five known compounds (<b>3–7</b>), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of <i>Ochrosia borbonica</i>. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic method, and the absolute configuration of compound <b>3</b> was first established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> represent a rare class of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids that with a 2-[1-(3-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)vinyl]-3-methyl-1<i>H</i>-indole skeleton.</p

Comparison of the fraction of diseased individuals when <i>κ</i> = 0 and <i>κ</i> = 0.5 ((a),(b)).

<p>Different color lines stand for different community size c in the network. Furthermore, we also illustrate the incidence difference <i>ϕ</i>_{<i>i</i>,<i>j</i>} between community <i>C</i>_<i>i</i> and community <i>C</i>_<i>j</i> for different parameter <i>κ</i> in panel (c). The network size of two layers both are 1000. We fix the other two parameters as: <i>β</i> = 0.3, <i>γ</i> = 0.2.</p

CTGF and TGF-β expression in the more than 1.0 year group.

<p>(A) The CTGF expression in the deep stroma (arrow); and (B) the TGF-β expression in the deep stroma (arrow). <b>Scale bar 20 µm.</b></p

The fraction of diseased individuals in SIR-IC system as a function of the time <i>t</i> for different values of activation rate <i>κ</i>.

<p><i>κ</i> = 0: diseases information are not taken into account in this case. We fix other parameters as follow: <i>β</i> = 0.3, <i>γ</i> = 0.2 (λ = 1.5), <i>N</i> = 1000.</p

Corpora statistics from the digital camera and mobile phone domains.

<p>Corpora statistics from the digital camera and mobile phone domains.</p

Community Size Effects on Epidemic Spreading in Multiplex Social Networks - Fig 9

<p>(<i>a</i>) The final incidence of disease <i>ρ</i>^<i>I</i> as a function of <i>β</i> for different number of communities (Nc). Other parameters are <i>N</i> = 1000, <i>κ</i> = 0.3 and <i>γ</i> = 0.2, respectively; (<i>b</i>) The size distribution of each community in the contact network with different number of communities.</p

A patient with a 1.5-year history of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.

<p>(A) A slit-lamp photograph of the cornea showing a mild scar and neovascularization; (B) in the histological sections, scars, neovascularization and inflammatory cells can be observed; (C) Masson's trichrome staining; and (D) Van Gieson staining. <b>Scale bar 50 µm.</b></p

Example of the three types of sentences.

<p>Example of the three types of sentences.</p