Table_1_Effects of Exercise on Depression, Anxiety, Cognitive Control, Craving, Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients.docx

Methamphetamine (MA) abuse results in a variety of harmful changes in mood states and cognitive function, together with declined physical health and quality of life. Recent studies highlighted the therapeutic potential of physical exercise on MA addiction. Physical exercise improves emotional state and general health conditions, enhances cognitive function, reduces relapse rate, and facilitates abstinence, thereby improves the overall quality of life of the drug users. This review summarizes the present situation of physical exercise on MA-dependent patients with both animal and clinical population results.</p

More empathy for others, more hurt for oneself? Empathy for pain is related to poor mental health and negative emotion regulation

BACKGROUND: Empathy for pain refers to a simulation of pain experiences evoked when seeing others in pain. Empathy for pain (vicarious pain) responders make up 27% of the healthy population, and are divided into two subsets: Sensory/Localized responders who feel localized physical pain and Affective/General responders who experience diffuse emotional pain. Empathy for pain is linked to pro-social behavior but can increase mental health symptoms. METHODS: Multivariate analysis of variance and latent variable mediation model were used to investigate the relationship between empathy for pain, mental health, and emotion regulation based on a university student dataset (mainly Caucasian) from 2020 to 2021. RESULTS: (1) Responders express significantly higher anxiety and somatization than non-responders, with Sensory/Localized responders reporting the greatest somatic concerns; (2) Sensory/localized responders show significantly higher depression than non-responders; (3) Two responder groups don't differ from non-responders on most positive emotional regulation strategies, but use more negative strategies (self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing). (4) negative emotional regulation fully mediates the link between empathy and mental health. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal a previously unrecognized link between empathy for pain and mental health, mediated by the increased use of negative emotion regulation strategies among responders. Our findings have particular implications for the mental health of empathic individuals or people who are often exposed to the pain of others (counselor or nurse, etc.).</p

The Relationship Between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategy and Mental Health Among University Students During Public Health Emergency: A Network Analysis

Background: Public health emergencies pose threats to mental health, and cognitive emotional regulation can be a crucial coping strategy. This study explored the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and mental health among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic using network analysis.Methods: 1100 university students completed questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, somatization, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Network analysis was conducted to identify network structures and bridge symptoms.Results: (1) In the depression network, the strongest edge is D1 (Little interest)-D2 (Feeling down), while D2 emerged as the node with the highest centrality. C1 (Self-blame), C8 (Catastrophizing), D6 (Feeling bad), and D9 (Suicide) are bridge symptoms. (2) In the anxiety network, A2 (Uncontrollable worrying)-A3 (Worrying too much) were identified as the strongest edge, and A2 exhibiting the highest centrality. C1 (Self-blame), C8 (Catastrophizing), and A6 (Easy annoyance) are bridge symptoms. (3) In the somatization network, the strongest edge is S14 (Fatigue)-S15 (Sleep disturbances) and S9 (Palpitations) exhibited the highest centrality. C1 (Self-blame), C3 (Rumination), C8 (Catastrophizing), S9 (Palpitations), and S14 (Fatigue) are bridge symptoms.Conclusion: Self-blame and catastrophizing are important bridge symptoms for cognitive emotion regulation strategies and mental health networks, so cognitive behavioral therapy, focusing on self-blame and catastrophizing as intervention targets, could most effectively improve mental health during public health emergencies.</p

Additional file 1 of Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. CRS leads to a decrease in claudin-5 expression in the (a) hippocampus; (b) prefrontal cortex (PFC) and (c) nucleus accumbens (Nac). Data are expressed as mean ± SD, Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05 compared with control. Fig. S2. CRS increases the accumulation of CD4+IL17A+ T cells in the dorsal striatum. Representative confocal images of CD4+IL17A+ T cells in the (a) DLS and (b) DMS; Cell counting of CD4+IL17A+ cells in the (c) DLS and (d) DMS. Scale bar, 20 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, Student’s t-test, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared with control. Fig. S3. The gating strategy to identify Th17 cells. CD4+IL17A+ cells were selected from CD3+ T cells and gating with IL-17A staining and FMO control. Fig. S4. SR1001 prevents CRS-induced morphological changes in glial cells. SR1001 prevents CRS-induced morphological changes in (a) astrocytes and (b) microglia near the BBB in the DLS and DMS; (c) and (d) Quantification of morphological changes in astrocytes and microglia. Scale bar, 20 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, Student’s t-test