Excess Properties and Spectroscopic Studies for Binary System of Polyethylene Glycol 200 (1) + Dimethyl Sulfoxide (2) at <i>T</i> = (298.15 to 318.15) K

This work reports density and viscosity data for binary system of polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG) (1) + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (2) over the whole concentration range at <i>T</i> = (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K as a function of composition under atmospheric pressure. From experimental density and viscosity data, the excess molar volume (<i>V</i>_m^E), viscosity deviation (Δη), the excess Gibbs free energies of activation for viscous flow (Δ­(<i>G</i>*)^E), and the apparent molar volumes (<i>V</i>_φ,<i>i</i>) were calculated. The <i>V</i>_m^E, Δη, and Δ­(<i>G</i>*)^E were fitted to a Redlich–Kister equation to obtain the coefficients and to estimate the standard deviations between the experimental and calculated quantities; meanwhile, based on the kinematic viscosity data, the viscous flow thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. In addition, based on FTIR and UV–vis spectra for the binary system of PEG (1) + DMSO (2) with various concentrations, the intermolecular interaction of PEG with DMSO was discussed

Gas–liquid equilibrium data for mixture gas of carbon dioxide + nitrogen in 1,2-ethanediamine + triethylene glycol aqueous solution

<p>Isothermal gas–liquid equilibrium (GLE) data were measured for the system of 1,2-ethanediamine (EDA) + triethylene glycol (TEG) + H₂O + carbon dioxide (CO₂) + N₂ at <i>T</i> = 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K and <i>p </i>= 121.74, 126.94 and 129.87 kPa with CO₂ partial pressure ranging from 0 to 13.0 kPa. Measurements were carried out using a saturation method in a glass absorption apparatus, which was controlled at the constant temperature by a thermostatic circulation bath with a Beckmann thermometer. The measurement uncertainties for temperature, total pressure, CO₂ concentration in the gas phase and CO₂ concentration in the liquid phase were less than ±0.02 K, ±0.15 kPa, ±2.5% and ±0.6, respectively. The results indicate that the addition of TEG into the aqueous EDA solution could significantly improve the stability of EDA in CO₂ absorption process, thus enhancing the performance of aqueous amine-based CO₂ scrubbing.</p

Catalyst-Free N‑Formylation of Amines Using Formic Acid as a Sustainable C1 Source

Formic acid, as an easily available C1 source, can be obtained through CO2 hydrogenation or biomass smelting. For this perspective, N-formylation of amines with formic acid as the C1 synthon can be considered as indirect utilization of CO2 or biomass, thus providing an alternative synthetic strategy. In this work, we present a sustainable protocol for the N-formylation of amines using formic acid as the carbonyl source under catalyst-free conditions. This procedure yields medium to excellent results for various formamides. Furthermore, we successfully extended this protocol to include the reduction coupling of formic acid, primary amines, and aldehydes, demonstrating broad substrate applicability

Efficient SO₂ Capture and Fixation to Cyclic Sulfites by Dual Ether-Functionalized Protic Ionic Liquids without Any Additives

The capture of SO₂ with ionic liquids (ILs) has attracted much attention in recent years; however, the examples involving SO₂ capture and utilization (SCU) in the same medium are scarce. Here, we demonstrated an innovative strategy for SO₂ capture and fixation to cyclic sulfites in dual ether-functionalized protic ionic liquids (PILs) for the first time. These dual ether-functionalized PILs exhibited low viscosities and remarkable SO₂ loading capacities (up to 6.12 mol of SO₂ per mol of IL and 1.34 g of SO₂ per g of IL at 1.0 bar) that is conducive to conversion of SO₂ absorbed in situ. The mechanism of absorption was proposed which includes both chemical and physical absorptions from the spectral results and theoretical calculations. Particularly, the SO₂ absorbed in the PILs was directly transformed into cyclic sulfites without any additives; meanwhile, these PILs were also used as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of a series of cyclic sulphites using equimolar SO₂ and epoxides. Good to excellent yields of cyclic sulfites were obtained for varied substrates. The dual roles of PILs as both absorbents and catalysts as well as the recyclability of the PILs are examined in detail in this paper. This innovative strategy not only eliminated the traditional intensive energy input for SO₂ desorption but also enabled the production of value-added cyclic sulfites

Morphology Control in the Synthesis of CaCO₃ Microspheres with a Novel CO₂‑Storage Material

A green and template-free method was applied to control the morphology of CaCO₃ microspheres with a layered nanostructure surface and pure crystalline phase of vaterite via the hydrothermal reaction between Ca­(OH)₂ saturated limpid solution and a novel CO₂-storage material (CO₂SM). Morphologies of the as-prepared CaCO₃ crystals could be tuned with CO₂SM concentration, reaction temperature, or crystallization time. After the precipitation of CaCO₃ crystals, the filtered solution could not only be used to absorb CO₂ but also to produce CaCO₃ microspheres repeatedly with the addition of Ca­(OH)₂ solution. Furthermore, an aggregation and self-assembly mechanism for the formation CaCO₃ microspheres had been proposed. As a result, this novel synthesis strategy of CaCO₃ microspheres with CO₂SM again emphasized that was possible to synthesize inorganic/organic hybrid materials with exquisite morphology and offered an alternative way for comprehensive utilization of CO₂

Highly Efficient CO₂ Capture to a New-Style CO₂‑Storage Material

A highly effective and economically feasible system for capturing CO₂ was developed from 1,2-ethanediamine (EDA) + polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG), in which CO₂ was activated and directly transformed to a novel solid CO₂ storage material (CO₂SM) under mild conditions. The essence of CO₂SM is alkylcarbonate salt, and the potential applications of CO₂SM would take advantage of elemental nitrogen to boost the growth of plants.. In addition, the EDA + PEG aqueous solution could be recycled multiple times without significant loss in its ability to capture and release CO₂. Thus, the process offered an alternative way for comprehensive utilization of CO₂ and potentially enables the CO₂ conversion to a value-added chemical

A novel SO₂ capture, storage and utilisation to prepare BaSO₃ micro-particles

<p>A highly efficient SO₂ capture system was developed. The system consisted of equimolar ethanediamine (EDA) and ethylene glycol (EG), and could chemically transform SO₂ into a novel solid material, denoted as SO₂SM, under mild condition. This system showed a considerable SO₂ storage capacity up to 0.7696 g/g (EDA + EG). Furthermore, the aqueous solution of SO₂SM was used to prepare BaSO₃ micro-particles. During the reaction, EDA and EG were released from the SO₂SM and served as a directing agent and dispersant in making BaSO₃ crystals that had a porous structure. Thus, the combined process enabled the comprehensive utilisation of SO₂ and could convert SO₂ into a value-added chemical.</p

Table_1_Fine Mapping of a Novel Heading Date Gene, TaHdm605, in Hexaploid Wheat.XLSX

<p>The heading date is critical in determining the adaptability of plants to specific natural environments. Molecular characterization of the wheat genes that regulate heading not only enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying wheat heading regulation but also benefits wheat breeding programs by improving heading phenotypes. In this study, we characterized a late heading date mutant, m605, obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutation. Compared with its wild-type parent, YZ4110, m605 was at least 7 days late in heading when sown in autumn. This late heading trait was controlled by a single recessive gene named TaHdm605. Genetic mapping located the TaHdm605 locus between the molecular markers cfd152 and barc42 on chromosome 3DL using publicly available markers and then further mapped this locus to a 1.86 Mb physical genomic region containing 26 predicted genes. This fine genetic and physical mapping will be helpful for the future map-based cloning of TaHdm605 and for breeders seeking to engineer changes in the wheat heading date trait.</p

Table_6_Fine Mapping of a Novel Heading Date Gene, TaHdm605, in Hexaploid Wheat.DOCX

<p>The heading date is critical in determining the adaptability of plants to specific natural environments. Molecular characterization of the wheat genes that regulate heading not only enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying wheat heading regulation but also benefits wheat breeding programs by improving heading phenotypes. In this study, we characterized a late heading date mutant, m605, obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutation. Compared with its wild-type parent, YZ4110, m605 was at least 7 days late in heading when sown in autumn. This late heading trait was controlled by a single recessive gene named TaHdm605. Genetic mapping located the TaHdm605 locus between the molecular markers cfd152 and barc42 on chromosome 3DL using publicly available markers and then further mapped this locus to a 1.86 Mb physical genomic region containing 26 predicted genes. This fine genetic and physical mapping will be helpful for the future map-based cloning of TaHdm605 and for breeders seeking to engineer changes in the wheat heading date trait.</p

Image_2_Fine Mapping of a Novel Heading Date Gene, TaHdm605, in Hexaploid Wheat.PDF

<p>The heading date is critical in determining the adaptability of plants to specific natural environments. Molecular characterization of the wheat genes that regulate heading not only enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying wheat heading regulation but also benefits wheat breeding programs by improving heading phenotypes. In this study, we characterized a late heading date mutant, m605, obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutation. Compared with its wild-type parent, YZ4110, m605 was at least 7 days late in heading when sown in autumn. This late heading trait was controlled by a single recessive gene named TaHdm605. Genetic mapping located the TaHdm605 locus between the molecular markers cfd152 and barc42 on chromosome 3DL using publicly available markers and then further mapped this locus to a 1.86 Mb physical genomic region containing 26 predicted genes. This fine genetic and physical mapping will be helpful for the future map-based cloning of TaHdm605 and for breeders seeking to engineer changes in the wheat heading date trait.</p