Revisiting Unsupervised Relation Extraction

Unsupervised relation extraction (URE) extracts relations between named entities from raw text without manually-labelled data and existing knowledge bases (KBs). URE methods can be categorised into generative and discriminative approaches, which rely either on hand-crafted features or surface form. However, we demonstrate that by using only named entities to induce relation types, we can outperform existing methods on two popular datasets. We conduct a comparison and evaluation of our findings with other URE techniques, to ascertain the important features in URE. We conclude that entity types provide a strong inductive bias for URE.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables. Accepted in ACL 202

Learning from Emotions, Demographic Information and Implicit User Feedback in Task-Oriented Document-Grounded Dialogues

The success of task-oriented and document-grounded dialogue systems depends on users accepting and enjoying using them. To achieve this, recently published work in the field of Human-Computer Interaction suggests that the combination of considering demographic information, user emotions and learning from the implicit feedback in their utterances, is particularly important. However, these findings have not yet been transferred to the field of Natural Language Processing, where these data are primarily studied separately. Accordingly, no sufficiently annotated dataset is available. To address this gap, we introduce FEDI, the first English dialogue dataset for task-oriented document-grounded dialogues annotated with demographic information, user emotions and implicit feedback. Our experiments with FLAN-T5, GPT-2 and LLaMA-2 show that these data have the potential to improve task completion and the factual consistency of the generated responses and user acceptance

Dior-CVAE: Diffusion Priors in Variational Dialog Generation

Conditional variational autoencoders (CVAEs) have been used recently for diverse response generation, by introducing latent variables to represent the relationship between a dialog context and its potential responses. However, the diversity of the generated responses brought by a CVAE model is limited due to the oversimplified assumption of the isotropic Gaussian prior. We propose, Dior-CVAE, a hierarchical CVAE model with an informative prior produced by a diffusion model. Dior-CVAE derives a series of layer-wise latent variables using attention mechanism and infusing them into decoder layers accordingly. We propose memory dropout in the latent infusion to alleviate posterior collapse. The prior distribution of the latent variables is parameterized by a diffusion model to introduce a multimodal distribution. Overall, experiments on two popular open-domain dialog datasets indicate the advantages of our approach over previous Transformer-based variational dialog models in dialog response generation. We publicly release the code for reproducing Dior-CVAE and all baselines at https://github.com/SkyFishMoon/Latent-Diffusion-Response-Generation

A Novel Approach to Fine-grained Content-based Access Control for Video Databases

ABSTRAC

INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: THE CASE OF BUU DIEN GENERAL HOSPITAL IN HO CHI MINH CITY

Objective: In Vietnam, antibiotic resistance has been gained the attention of medical professionals in antibiotic use management. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance among hospital-acquired infections at Buu Dien General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 01-12/2017. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the retrospective data of all antibiograms of bacteria isolated from hospital-acquired infections at Buu Dien General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 01-12/2017 to investigate the antibiotic resistance. Characteristics of antibiotic resistance were described by frequency and percentage of types of bacteria isolated and antibiotics being resistant. Results: A total of 179 isolates were collected during the period 01-12/2017, of which E. coli was the most commonly isolated pathogen (41.3%). The highest prevalent infections were in the skin and mucosa; respiratory tract; and urinary tract (34.6%; 32.4%; and 27.9%). The antibiotic susceptibility testing used 21 types of antibiotics. Among them, S. aureus was 82% resistant to clindamycin and 75% resistant to cefuroxime; the Proteus resistance percentages to amoxicillin/clavulanic, second-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin varied from 50 to 93%; Pseudomonas was 92% resistant to fosfomycin and 62% resistant to ceftazidime; A. baumannii was resistant to most classes of agents used (50-75%). Both E. coli and Klebsiella were highly resistant to gentamicin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporin’s. Polymyxin B-resistant Proteus cultures were detected at 67%. Conclusion: The study described the antibiotic resistance situation of hospital-acquired bacteria at the Buu Dien General Hospital from 01-12/2017. This information will aid physicians to select proper antibiotics for their patients in the next period

An Investigation on the Intricacies of Epigenetic Modulations in the Pathogenesis of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cervical Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-Narrative Synthesis

Abstract Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of the available and relevant literature on E1/E2 genes and their affect on the epigenetics of Human Papillomavirus caused uterine cervical cancer. Background/Significance: Human Papillomavirus is strongly linked to cervical cancer, and cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women. 99.7% of patients with cervical cancer have a “high risk HPV genotype” which factors greatly into the causation if their diagnosis. The HPV vaccine that came out in 2006 has greatly decreased cervical cancer in the population as well as increased the preventative chances of highly susceptible individuals. Methods: To conduct a meta-narrative review, MD Anderson databases and Google Scholar were used to access PubMed as well as Web of Science. Articles older than 5 years (2019-2024) were not considered, but articles with research from across the globe not just the United States were considered. Phrases such as “E1/E2 genes”, “Human Papillomavirus”, and “Cervical Cancer” were used. Discussion: The genes E1 and E2 were discussed by their role in DNA application, as well as the multitude and variety of nucleotide variations and their locations. The oncogenic links between these genetic variations and their epigenetic modulations were shown to be strong but further research still needs to be conducted. Conclusion: The articles reviewed show that genes play a factor in HPV induced uterine cancer, and that DNA methylation and histone modifications are a key factor in all stages of cervical uterine cancer.https://openworks.mdanderson.org/rmps24/1011/thumbnail.jp

GREEN ECONOMY WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH AND PER CAPITA INCOME IN VIETNAM

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the green economy with economic growth and per capita income in Vietnam, to analyze the quantitative relationship among those factors, and to improve long-term green economic development in Vietnam towards sustainable national economic growth.   Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. The inverted U-shaped model of Kuznets; Green economy concept and regression model stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation.   Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises desk research methods to clarify the theoretical basis of green economy, economic growth, and per capita income; qualitative research methods; and quantitative research methods. Data collection was carried out through the collection of time-series data: Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPP), and CO2 emissions from 1995 to 2022 from the World Bank website.   Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed the positive relationship between economic growth, CO2 emissions, and per capita income in the short term; however, in the long term, when GDP as well as per capita income reach a certain threshold. The level of waste gradually decreases and environmental quality improves. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section.   Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of development economics. These implications could encompass many sectors, especially the processing industry.   Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by Simon Kuznets - economic growth is not a threat, but rather a means to improve the environment in the future. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by contributing one more case in Vietnam which approves Kuznets curve on the environment and thus is the basis for future research on this urgent problem all over the world

THE PATENTED DRUGS UTILIZATION: A STUDY AT NGUYEN DINH CHIEU HOSPITAL IN BEN TRE PROVINCE FROM 2011 TO 2017

Objective: With their new and efficacious active ingredients, patented drugs have important roles in offering high-quality healthcare. However, huge cost-related barriers in accessing patented drugs along with the availability of low-cost bioequivalent generics have great impact on drugs policy in Vietnam. To understand situation of patented drugs utilization at hospitals for a certain period, this pilot study was conducted at Nguyen-Dinh-Chieu Hospital in Ben-Tre Province. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the retrospective data of all patented drugs used at Nguyen-Dinh-Chieu Hospital in Ben-Tre Province from 2011-2017. Characteristics of drugs utilization were described by frequency and percentage of drugs quantities and costs. Criteria for the description were as follows: active ingredient, route of administration, therapeutic class and manufacturing country. Data were extracted from the hospital information system and were processed by R software. Results: From 2011 to 2017, there were 212 patented drugs used which related to 145 active ingredients and 20 therapeutic classes. 88% were single active ingredient drugs and 49% were oral drugs. Antimicrobial and cardiovascular drugs represented the largest number of drugs and the highest cost. 79% of patented drugs were manufactured by companies in Europe and the majority came from France and Germany. Conclusion: This study provided initial information about the utilization of patented drugs during a long period of time at a Vietnamese hospital. The understanding gained will aid medical managers in assessment and adjustment of the drugs list, thus, optimizing the hospital budget and the equity in access to drugs within communities

Tamoxifen Initiation After Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Endocrine therapy initiation after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is highly variable and largely unexplained. National guidelines recommend considering tamoxifen for women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) DCIS or who undergo excision alone. We evaluated endocrine therapy use after DCIS over a 15-year period in an integrated health care setting to identify factors related to initiation

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE AND THEIR ENGLISH-SPEAKING PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS AT A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM

This research aimed to discover the relationships between students' self-confidence and their English-speaking performance. In our research, self-confidence was divided into three components which are affective confidence, behavioral confidence, and cognitive confidence. In addition, speaking performance included eight components which are vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, fluency, coherence, comprehension, task, and content. A sample of 150 English-majored students at a university in Vietnam was surveyed in this study by using a convenience sampling technique, and then conducting semi-structured interviews to seek for qualitative information from 10 participants out of 150. The result from our study showed that there are significant relationships between the two variables. The more confident the students are, the more accomplished they would be in the presenting procedure since they have superior cognition and understand how to modify their learning methods to build a comprehensive individual in learning English language. We expect that these findings can help students adjust their learning methods to improve their self-confidence as well as English speaking performance and by that way, universities can add more speaking-related subjects so that students can have more opportunities to speak and learn more speaking skills.  Article visualizations