Effects of Selenium compounds eye drops on the cornea of a dry eye rat model.

<p>Fluorescein score ratios of cornea in dry eye rat treated with selenium compounds (A, C–F), apolactoferrin (B), or PBS (A–F) or are shown. The score of PBS treatment was defined as 1. Results are expressed as mean ± S.D (n = 10). Dunnett’s test was used to determine the significance of differences. * and *** indicate a significant difference from the result in PBS treatment, P<0.05 and <0.005, respectively (A).</p

Effect of Se-lactoferrin eye drops on expression of RNAs in the corneas.

<p>The vertical axis shows the expression ratio of RNAs. Fold change shows the expression ratio of mRNAs in the NT, PBS, and 0.1%Se-loactoferrin groups. The expression level in the NT group was defined as 1. Results are expressed as the mean ± S.D. (n = 4).</p

Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of gene expression in SG tissue and P1 and P80 cell cultures.

<p>Keratin 14, keratin 18, p63, and α-SMA gene expression were analyzed in SG tissues and P1 and P80 cell cultures by qRT-PCR analysis. *<i>p</i> < 0.05.</p

Effect of cholera toxin (CT) in primary mouse SG epithelial cell cultures.

<p>(A) Effect of CT on SG cell proliferation at day 5. (B) Morphology of the cells described in B. *<i>p</i> < 0.05, Scale bars = 50 μm.</p

CT enhanced cell attachment and proliferation specifically in primary cells.

<p>The effect of CT on (A) proliferation, (B) adherence, and (C) PCNA expression in primary (P0) and long-term (P87) cell cultures. *<i>p</i> < 0.05, Scale bars = 10 μm.</p

Subculture of mouse SG epithelial cells.

<p>Semiconfluent cell cultures at P1 (A), P10 (B), and P20 (C) at day 7 are shown. (D) Population doubling (PD) time of expanded SG epithelial cells over 25 passages. Scale bar = 100 μm.</p

Immunohistochemistry of mouse SG epithelial cells.

<p>Immunohistochemical analysis of keratin 14, keratin 18, p63, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in normal SG tissue (SG) and P1 and P80 cell cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p

Effect of selenium compounds in CEPI cells.

<p>A: Effect of selenium compounds on cellular viability of CEPI cells. The horizontal axis shows the selenium concentration of each selenium compound. B: Recovery of GPx activity by the addition of selenium compounds. The vertical axis shows the GPx activity ratio. Results are expressed as mean ± S.D.</p

Effect of Se-lactoferrin eye drops on production of 8-OHdG in corneas.

<p>A, B: Immunohistochemical staining of corneas of normal (A) and dry eye (B) rats using an anti-8-OHdG antibody. C,D: Immunohistochemical staining of corneas of dry eye rats treated with PBS (C) or 0.1% Se-lactoferrin (D) using anti-8-OHdG antibody. Scale bar shows 20 µm. Original magnification: x20. E: Relative ratio of 8-OHdG in corneas of normal, dry eye, dry eye treated with PBS or dry eye treated with 0.1% Se-lactoferrin rat. The vertical axis shows 1/brightness ratio. The brightness ratio in the normal group was defined as 1. Results are expressed as the mean ± S.D. (n = 4). Dunnett’s test was used to determine the significance of differences. *** indicate a significant difference from the results in normal or PBS treatment group, P<0.005.</p

Comparison of capacity of apolactoferrin and lactoferrin for selenium binding

<p>.The selenium content in apolactoferrin and normal lactoferrin is shown. The vertical axis shows selenium content (mg) in 100g of apolactoferrin or normal lactoferrin. Results are expressed as mean ± S.D (n = 6).</p