Portación de staphylococcus aureus y resistencia a la meticilina en elaboradores de alimentos de tres instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Gualeguaychú

Los elaboradores de alimentos que no mantienen una buena higiene pueden ser vehículos de Enfermedades Trasmitidas por Alimentos (ETA). En las últimas décadas se ha observado un aumento significativo de los portadores de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM) representando un problema para la seguridad alimentaria y salud pública. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue detectar Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) y sensibilidad a meticilina, evaluando hábitos y conocimientos higiénico sanitarios de los elaboradores de alimentos de instituciones educativas de Gualeguaychú. Se analizaron 43 muestras de fosas nasales y manos de alumnos y docentes, realizando aislamiento de SAU, identificados mediante pruebas bioquímicas convencionales y sensibilidad a meticilina (difusión con disco de cefoxitina 30μg). Se evaluaron los hábitos y conocimientos aplicando un cuestionario de autoinforme. Los aspectos éticos fueron contemplados firmando un consentimiento. Resultados: El 47% (n=20) resulto positivo para SAU, 33% (n=14) lo portaban en manos y 35% (n=15) en narinas. La prevalencia de SAMR fue del 25% para narinas y 19% en manos. En el cuestionario se halló una diferencia significativa (ρ<0,05) para el momento de lavado de manos, manifiestando falta general de conocimiento. Conclusiones: si bien los valores de portación encontrados fueron similares a los de otros trabajos científicos, se encontró una frecuencia de resistencia a meticilina mayor, por lo que sería conveniente analizar qué ocurre en esta zona ya que no hay estudios reportados. Se deberían implementar capacitaciones, dado que las falencias detectadas indican circulación de SARM entre estos elaboradores de alimentos con el riesgo de ser diseminadores de dichas cepas.Fil: López, Tamara A.. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos.Fil: Grenóvero, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos.Fil: Sosa, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos.Fil: Taus Maria, R.. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos

Multiple Cancer Testis Antigens Function To Support Tumor Cell Mitotic Fidelity

While the expression of genes that are normally involved in spermatogenesis is frequently detected in tumors, the extent to which these gene products are required for neoplastic behaviors is unclear. To begin to address their functional relevance to tumorigenesis, we identified a cohort of proteins which display synthetic lethality with paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer and whose expression is biased toward testes and tumors. Remarkably, these testis proteins, FMR1NB, NXF2, MAGEA5, FSIP1, and STARD6, are required for accurate chromosome segregation in tumor cells. Their individual depletion enhances the generation of multipolar spindles, increases mitotic transit time, and induces micronucleation in response to an otherwise innocuous dose of paclitaxel. The underlying basis for abnormal mitosis is an alteration in microtubule function, as their depletion increases microtubule cytaster formation and disrupts microtubule stability. Given these observations, we hypothesize that reactivated testis proteins may represent unique tumor cell vulnerabilities which, if targeted, could enhance responsiveness to antimitotic therapy. Indeed, we demonstrate that combining paclitaxel with a small-molecule inhibitor of the gametogenic and tumor cell mitotic protein TACC3 leads to enhanced centrosomal abnormalities, activation of death programs, and loss of anchorage-independent growth

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum

Serum cytokine levels as predictive biomarkers of benefit from ipilimumab in small cell lung cancer

Background. Immunotherapy has shown efficacy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but only a subset of patients benefits. Surrogate biomarkers are urgently needed. Our aim was to evaluate serum Th1, Th2, and proinflammatory cytokines in two cohorts of SCLC patients before and during treatment with chemotherapy with or without ipilimumab and to correlate them with survival. Patients and methods. Two cohorts of SCLC patients were studied: patients treated with chemotherapy (n = 47), and patients treated with chemotherapy plus ipilimumab (n = 37). Baseline, on-treatment and after-treatment serum samples were evaluated for the presence of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and Mip-1alpha using a Luminex assay. Differential changes in cytokines between cohorts were analyzed. Associations between cytokine levels and their changes with overall survival were evaluated. Results. Patients treated with ipilimumab showed a global increase of all cytokines after treatment initiation. A high level of IL-8 at baseline was associated with worse prognosis regardless of treatment. Baseline increased IL-2 levels predicted sensitivity to ipilimumab, while high IL-6 and TNF-alpha predicted resistance. An on-treatment increase in IL-4 levels in patients treated with immune-chemotherapy was associated with a better overall survival. Conclusions. The addition of ipilimumab to standard chemotherapy in SCLC modulates the serum levels of cytokines. Baseline levels and their change over time relate to overall survival. Blood-based biomarkers are convenient for patients, and our results support prospective validation of cytokines as predictive biomarkers for ipilimumab in SCLC