FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KUNJUNGAN ANTENATAL CARE (ANC) PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS CANDILAMA KOTA SEMARANG

Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Kota Semarang meningkat dari 122,25 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2014 menjadi 128,05 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2015.Upaya dalam rangka mempercepat penurunan AKI adalah meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan ibu hamil dengan melihat indikator cakupan K1 dan K4. Cakupan kunjungan ibu hamil K4 terendah pada tahun 2015 adalah Puskesmas Candilama (87,62%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan antenatal care (ANC) pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Candilama Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan adalah total population, sehinggadidapatkan sampel sejumlah 48 ibu hamil trimester III di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Candilama.Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner.Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data univariat dan bivariat. Sebagian besar responden berada pada kategori umur tidak berisiko, yaiturentang umur 20-35 tahun (87,5%), berpendidikan tinggi (87,5%) dan tidak bekerja (77,1%). Sebagian besar responden melakukan kunjungan ANC secara lengkap (81,3%). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan (p=0,036), pengetahuan (p=0,001), sikap (p=0,001) dan kepercayaan(p=0,010) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kunjungan ANC. Sedangkan umur (p=0,328), pekerjaan (p=0,350), ketersediaan fasilitas (p=0,267), kemudahan akses (p=0,574), dukungan petugas kesehatan (p=0,909) dan dukungan suami (p=0,091) tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kunjungan ANC. Saranyang diberikan adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai pengertian, tujuan, manfaat dan jadwal pelaksanaan kunjungan ANC, memberikan informasi bahwa kepercayaan mengenai larangan selama kehamilan tidak ada kaitannya dengan perlindungan diri dari roh jahat, serta diharapkan ibu hamil memahami kunjungan ANC tidak dilakukan jika sedang sakit saja. Kata Kunci: angka kematian ibu, kunjungan antenatal care, ibu hamil trimester III, pengetahuan, kepercayaa

Pemetaan, Karakterisasi, Dan Pengembangan Primer-primer Lokus Pup1 (P Uptake 1) Pada Padi Untuk Peningkatan Toleransi Terhadap Defisiensi Fosfor

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important nutrient forplants after nitrogen, but is available in very low amount. Pdeficiency in rice would reduce the number of tillers andgrain production. There are numerous publications onexploration of genes that are associated with P. Manyresearches on P that are directed to breeding program andinvolving many countries/institutions focus on Pup1research. Pup1 (P uptake 1) is associated with P uptake hasbeen well mapped on chromosome 12 at a distance of 15.31to 15.47 Mb and microsatellite markers between RM28073and RM28102 can be used as a selection tool in the MAB(Marker Assisted Backrossing) program. Indonesia is veryconcerned with this research because of P-deficientproblem. This review aims to provide current information ofresearch that explore the genes in Pup1 locus. This reviewoutlines the history of Pup1 mapping, to explain sequenceand expression analysis of Pup1, and to inform of Pup1specific primers. The latest information is expected to beuseful for rice breeders in Indonesia, especially for thosewho are interested to P deficiency research. Study of geneswithin Pup1 locus is still ongoing, and found that somegenes do not contribute directly to P uptake. This mayindicate that Pup1 locus use other mechanisms in the Puptake. This may indicate that some genes (dirigent-like,fatty acid α-dioxygenase, aspartic proteinases) play a role inthe increasing level of lignin in P deficient condition.Increasing level of lignin would increase the volume of rootsand thus increasing P uptake and resistance to biotic andabiotic stresses. Specific markers to detect the genes in thePup1 locus have been successfully developed, and can beused for breeding and exploration activities on Indonesianrice germplasm

Keragaman Genetik Isolat Cendawan Pyricularia Oryzae Menggunakan Primer Pot-2 (Rep-PCR)

Rice blast (Pyriculariaoryzae) is one of the most important diseases of rice. It canbe very destructive in the field, when the environmentalconditions are favourable. Information on genetic diversity ofthis pathogen could assist plant breeders in determiningstrategy for a successful control of the disease. This studywas conducted to analyze genetic diversity in P. oryzaeisolates by a pair of Pot-2 primers using the rep-PCRtechnique. These primers were designed from a transposonelement of the entire blast fungus genomic DNA. DNAsamples were extracted from 212 isolates of P. oryzaecollected from two endemic areas of the disease inIndonesia, i.e., Tamanbogo, Lampung, and Sukabumi, WestJava, as well as from some non-endemic areas in NorthSumatra and West Sumatra). Results of the study indicatedthat the 212 isolates could clustered into 21 haplotypes. Themost dominant haplotypes as indicated by their highestfrequency of haplotypes were haplotype Pot 2-019 (54.46%)followed by haplotype Pot 2-021 (14.73%) and haplotipe Pot2-016 (6.25%). Regardless of origins of the P. oryzae isolates,we found 6 haplotypes from Tamanbogo (out of 117samples), 13 haplotypes from Sukabumi (out of 77 samples),and 11 haplotypes from North Sumatra and West Sumatra(out of 18 isolates). It seems that genetic diversity of the P.oryzae isolates was not affected by the total number ofsamples/isolates, but rather by place of the origin and ricegenotypes from which the isolates were collected

Perbaikan Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Varietas Ciherang Untuk Sifat Umur Genjah Dan Produksi Tinggi Menggunakan Marka Molekuler* [Improvement of Ciherang Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Variety for Early Maturity and High Production Trait Using Molecular Marker]

The improvement of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ciherang variety for early maturity and high production traits was carried out by Marker Assisted Backcrossing (MAB) method using Nipponbare as donor parent. The foreground selection of Hd2 gene was laid on flanking markers of RM1362 and RM7601 in QTL region. The selection process of F1 to BC2F2 plants were based on molecular markers and agronomic characters. The BC2F3 plants were challenged to bacterial leaf blight to know their resistance in this hybridization. The results indicated that the foreground and background selection were not sufficient as selection tools therefore they would be more accurate if assosiated with agronomic characters. Four selected lines derived from Ciherang x Nipponbare crossed (BC2F3 plant # 283, 307, 373, and 462) could be promising lines with early maturity and high productioncompared to Ciherang. Selected BC2F3 lines flowered earlier than original Ciherang up to 7-10 days, while the yield increasing was 3.55 to 9.2% higher based on weight of filled grains/plant, and from 3.58 to 19.39% higher based on the number of filled grain/plant. However, all of BC2F3 lines were not resistant to bacterial leaf blight attack

Ketahanan Galur-Galur Padi Pup1 Terhadap Penyakit Blas

Blast is one of major disease on the upland rice in Indonesia. Upland rice lines derived from Kasalath and NILC443 crosses, containing Pup1 gen locus had been developed and evaluated for P fertilizer efficiency. Those lines would be evaluated for blast resistance, due to the fact that Pup1 locus contains genes involved in plant defend mechanism to disease, including blast disease. The BC2F5 plants derived from six crosses (DK, DN, SK, SN, BK, BN) were used in this research. Responses to blast disease in the green house were evaluated at ICABIOGRAD Bogor from March to April 2011, using combination of three blast races (race 173, 033, and 133). The response to blast disease in the field was evaluated at Taman Bogo Research Station, Lampung, and at farmer\u27s field in Cikeusal Village, Banten, from January to April 2011. Molecular analysis to trace Pup1 gene locus was conducted at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, using specific primer K20-2, from January to August 2013. Based on the molecular analysis all Pup1 lines showed homozygoes alleles, except the heterozygoes alleles on SK7, SK8, SK15, SK16, BN8 line, which were then not included in the next planting. The responses to blast at greenhouse among lines varied, but the Pup1 lines were mostly at level of moderate resistan (AT). Based on the result from the field experiment, most of Pup1 lines were resistance, however the susceptible check plant (Kencana Bali) did not show blast fungus infection. Differences of the result might be due to the blast testing at the green house which was more favorable for blast fungal growth. The effect of Pup1 gene locus showed clearly on resistance of plants obtained from Situ Bagendit cross, where Situ Bagendit was susceptible and does not contain the Pup1 locus. Additional of Pup1 locus in Situ Bagendit genome had increased the degree of resistant to blast

Pemetaan, Karakterisasi, dan Pengembangan Primer-primer Lokus Pup1 (P uptake 1) pada Padi untuk Peningkatan Toleransi terhadap Defisiensi Fosfor

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important nutrient forplants after nitrogen, but is available in very low amount. Pdeficiency in rice would reduce the number of tillers andgrain production. There are numerous publications onexploration of genes that are associated with P. Manyresearches on P that are directed to breeding program andinvolving many countries/institutions focus on Pup1research. Pup1 (P uptake 1) is associated with P uptake hasbeen well mapped on chromosome 12 at a distance of 15.31to 15.47 Mb and microsatellite markers between RM28073and RM28102 can be used as a selection tool in the MAB(Marker Assisted Backrossing) program. Indonesia is veryconcerned with this research because of P-deficientproblem. This review aims to provide current information ofresearch that explore the genes in Pup1 locus. This reviewoutlines the history of Pup1 mapping, to explain sequenceand expression analysis of Pup1, and to inform of Pup1specific primers. The latest information is expected to beuseful for rice breeders in Indonesia, especially for thosewho are interested to P deficiency research. Study of geneswithin Pup1 locus is still ongoing, and found that somegenes do not contribute directly to P uptake. This mayindicate that Pup1 locus use other mechanisms in the Puptake. This may indicate that some genes (dirigent-like,fatty acid α-dioxygenase, aspartic proteinases) play a role inthe increasing level of lignin in P deficient condition.Increasing level of lignin would increase the volume of rootsand thus increasing P uptake and resistance to biotic andabiotic stresses. Specific markers to detect the genes in thePup1 locus have been successfully developed, and can beused for breeding and exploration activities on Indonesianrice germplasm