11 research outputs found
Hydrolysis of 2,4-dithiophenobarbital
Hydrolysis of 2,4-dithiophenobarbital in aqueous solutions of pH 2 - 12 was investigated at 40 and 60OC using UV spectrophotometry. The values of reaction order, rate constants, pKa1 and pKa2 and activation energy were determined. The preliminary estimation of degradation products was accomplished using thin layer chromatography. The major products were isolated by circular chromatography and identified by spectroscopic and classical methods
Time - memory - photographs : an attempt at a phenomenological consideration
Fotografia jest obecnie jedn膮 z najpopularniejszych i najbardziej rozpowszechnionych dziedzin sztuk plastycznych, budzi ona wiele kontrowersji zwi膮zanych z okre艣leniem jej istoty oraz funkcji, jakie spe艂nia. Traktowa膰 j膮 mo偶na jako obraz sam w sobie i analizowa膰 pod wzgl臋dem warto艣ci estetycznych. Jednak
hierarchie warto艣ci odnosz膮ce si臋 do sztuki s膮 jednym z wielu, a w zasadzie wt贸rnym aspektem fotografii. Co zatem stanowi istot臋 fotografii? Na ile trafne jest tak powszechne okre艣lenie fotografii jako pami膮tki (czyli zapisu, 艣ladu pami臋ci?). Czy istnieje jaki艣 zwi膮zek mi臋dzy fotografi膮 a pami臋ci膮? Nale偶y zastanowi膰 si臋, jaki jest zwi膮zek fotografii (zatrzymuj膮cej chwile oraz utrwalaj膮cej pewne fakty w pami臋ci) ze 艣wiadomo艣ci膮 cz艂owieka. Rozpatruj膮c istot臋 pami臋ci, nale偶y okre艣li膰 przede wszystkim mechanizm jej dzia艂ania oraz miejsce w 艣wiadomo艣ci przep艂ywu czasu. Czy pami臋膰 odnosi si臋 tylko do przesz艂o艣ci,
do my艣lenia o czasie, kt贸ry min膮艂 i nigdy nie powr贸ci? Kiedy zatem ko艅czy si臋 przesz艂o艣膰, a zaczyna tera藕niejszo艣膰? Czy istniej膮 jakie艣 wymierne momenty, kt贸re pozwalaj膮 na wyodr臋bnienie tych kategorii czasowych? Takie potraktowanie tematu sk艂ania do zastanowienia nad tym, co tkwi u podstaw samej fotografii i pami臋ci.Nowadays photography is one of the most popular genres of visual art. It is however very controversial because of its nature and function. Photography can be treated as a picture in itself revealing certain aesthetic values. But the latter are only of secondary importance. Hence the question "What does constitute the essence of photography?", "What is its relation with memory?" The article presents some views on those problems
Quantification of grapiprant and its stability testing under changing environmental conditions
Grapiprant is a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug belonging to the piprant class, approved in 2016 by the FDA Veterinary Medicine Center for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. It acts as a highly selective antagonist of the EP4 receptor, one of the four prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor subtypes. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in rat models of acute and chronic inflammation and clinical studies in people with osteoarthritis. The current state of knowledge suggests the possibility of using it in oncological therapy. The manuscript presents the development of conditions for the identification and quantitative determination of grapiprant by thin-layer chromatography with densitometric detection. The optimal separation of the substance occurs using silica gel 60F(254) chromatographic plates and the mobile phase containing ethyl acetate-toluene-butylamine. Validation (according to ICH requirements) showed that the developed method is characterized by straightness of results in a wide concentration range with the limit of detection of 146.65 碌g/mL. The %RSD values of the precision and accuracy confirm the sensitivity and reliability of the developed procedure. Next, the method was used for quantification of grapiprant in a pharmaceutical preparation, and for stability studies under various environmental conditions. Additionally, the mass studies were carried out on the stressed samples using the UPLC-MS/MS method. The degradation products were primarily characterized by comparing their mass fragmentation profiles with those of the drug. The results indicated a potential degradation pathway for grapiprant