7 research outputs found

    Tracking mobile targets through Wireless Sensor Networks

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    In recent years, advances in signal processing have led to small, low power, inexpensive Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The signal processing in WSN is different from the traditional wireless networks in two critical aspects: firstly, the signal processing in WSN is performed in a fully distributed manner, unlike in traditional wireless networks; secondly, due to the limited computation capabilities of sensor networks, it is essential to develop an energy and bandwidth efficient signal processing algorithms. Target localisation and tracking problems in WSNs have received considerable attention recently, driven by the necessity to achieve higher localisation accuracy, lower cost, and the smallest form factor. Received Signal Strength (RSS) based localisation techniques are at the forefront of tracking research applications. Since tracking algorithms have been attracting research and development attention recently, prolific literature and a wide range of proposed approaches regarding the topic have emerged. This thesis is devoted to discussing the existing WSN-based localisation and tracking approaches. This thesis includes five studies. The first study leads to the design and implementation of a triangulation-based localisation approach using RSS technique for indoor tracking applications. The presented work achieves low localisation error in complex environments by predicting the environmental characteristics among beacon nodes. The second study concentrates on investigating a fingerprinting localisation method for indoor tracking applications. The proposed approach offers reasonable localisation accuracy while requiring a short period of offline computation time. The third study focuses on designing and implementing a decentralised tracking approach for tracking multiple mobile targets with low resource requirements. Despite the interest in target tracking and localisation issues, there are few systems deployed using ZigBee network standard, and no tracking system has used the full features of the ZigBee network standard. Tracking through the ZigBee is a challenging task when the density of router and end-device nodes is low, due to the limited communication capabilities of end-device nodes. The fourth study focuses on developing and designing a practical ZigBee-based tracking approach. To save energy, different strategies were adopted. The fifth study outlines designing and implementing an energy-efficient approach for tracking applications. This study consists of two main approaches: a data aggregation approach, proposed and implemented in order to reduce the total number of messages transmitted over the network; and a prediction approach, deployed to increase the lifetime of the WSN. For evaluation purposes, two environmental models were used in this thesis: firstly, real experiments, in which the proposed approaches were implemented on real sensor nodes, to test the validity for the proposed approaches; secondly, simulation experiments, in which NS-2 was used to evaluate the power-consumption issues of the two approaches proposed in this thesis

    Tracking multiple mobile targets based on the ZigBee standard

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    Target localization and tracking problems in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have received considerable attention recently, driven by the necessity to achieve a higher localization accuracy, a lower cost, and a smallest form factor. Despite the interest on target tracking and localization issues, there are few systems deployed using ZigBee network standard, and there is no tracking system that has used the full roles for ZigBee network standard. Tracking through the ZigBee network standard is a challenging task when the density of router and end-device nodes is low, due to the limited communication capabilities of end-device nodes. This paper addresses the research challenges in localization and tracking of multiple mobile targets through the implementation of a ZigBee based real-time surveillance applications. The proposed system is a power-efficient system that does not require any additional hardware devices, and can be deployed where the density of beacon nodes is low. This proposed tracking system can be applied in various indoor applications, such as military, civil, and health applications

    A survey: localization and tracking mobile targets through wireless sensors network

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    Wireless sensor network applications have been deployed widely. Sensor networks involve sensor nodes which are very small in size. They are low in cost, and have a low battery life. Sensor nodes are capable of solving a variety of collaborative problems, such as, monitoring and surveillance. One of the critical components in wireless sensor networks is the localizing tracking sensor or mobile node. In this paper we will discuss the various location system techniques and categorize these techniques based on the communication between nodes into centralized and decentralized localization techniques. The tracking techniques are categorized into four main types. Each type will be compared and discussed in detail. We will suggest ways of implementing the techniques and finally carry out an evaluation

    A decentralised low-power ZigBee-based localisation approach

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    Wireless sensor networks have been deployed widely. Sensor networks involve sensor nodes which are very small in size, low in cost, and have a short battery-life. One of the critical wireless sensor network applications is localisation and tracking mobile sensor nodes. ZigBee is a new, emerging technology for low rate, low power, and low range communication networks, which aims to provide long battery life for network devices. In this paper, we propose a decentralised ZigBee-based tracking system to detect and track the location of mobile nodes indoors. End-devices have limited connection capabilities which cause a problem in localisation. End-devices are collaborated in the tracking process in order to reduce the power-consumption for ZigBee networks. The proposed tracking system can be deployed in an area where the density of router nodes is very low. The tracking system is implemented by ZigBee sensor devices, and experiments have been done to evaluate the proposed tracking system based on battery life and communication cost

    A ZigBee-based mobile tracking system through wireless sensor networks

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    Wireless sensor networks have been deployed widely. Sensor networks involve sensor nodes which are very small in size, low in cost and have a short battery-life. One of the critical wireless sensor network applications is localisation and tracking mobile sensor nodes. ZigBee is a new emerging technology for low rate, low power and low range communication networks, which aims to provide long battery life for network devices. In this paper, we discuss various localisation and tracking techniques and categorise these techniques based on the communication between nodes in centralised and decentralised localisation systems. We propose a decentralised ZigBee-based tracking system to detect and track the location of mobile nodes indoors based on the received signal strength (RSS). The proposed tracking system is a range-free system, which does not require additional hardware, depends on a new weight function, and can be deployed wherever the node density is low. The tracking system is implemented by ZigBee sensor devices, and experiments are done to evaluate the proposed tracking system based on accuracy and communication cost

    An improved energy efficient approach for wsn based tracking applications

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    Tracking systems using a high number of low cost sensor nodes have been proposed for use in diverse applications including civil, military, and wildlife monitoring applications. In tracking applications, each sensor node attempts to send the target's location information to a sink node. Deploying a tracking system with a high number of sensor nodes results in the following limitations: high packet dropping rate, high congestion, transmission delay, and high power-consumption. Data aggregation schemes can reduce the number of messages transmitted over the network, while prediction schemes can decrease the number of activated beacon nodes in the tracking process. Consequently, data aggregation and prediction approaches can reduce the energy consumed during the tracking process. In this paper, we propose and implement an energy efficient approach for WSN-based tracking applications by integrating both a novel data aggregation method with a simple prediction approach. Three metrics are utilized for the evaluation purposes: total number of messages transmitted in the network, overall power-consumption, and the quality of the tracking accuracy. The proposed system is simulated using the NS2 simulation environment

    Tracking multiple mobile targets based on the ZigBee standard

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    Target localization and tracking problems in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have received considerable attention recently, driven by the necessity to achieve a higher localization accuracy, a lower cost, and a smallest form factor. Despite the interest on target tracking and localization issues, there are few systems deployed using ZigBee network standard, and there is no tracking system that has used the full roles for ZigBee network standard. Tracking through the ZigBee network standard is a challenging task when the density of router and end-device nodes is low, due to the limited communication capabilities of end-device nodes. This paper addresses the research challenges in localization and tracking of multiple mobile targets through the implementation of a ZigBee based real-time surveillance applications. The proposed system is a power-efficient system that does not require any additional hardware devices, and can be deployed where the density of beacon nodes is low. This proposed tracking system can be applied in various indoor applications, such as military, civil, and health applications
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