Effect of ozone oxidative preconditioning on inflammation and oxidative stress injury in rat model of renal transplantation

<div><p>Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of ozone oxidative preconditioning (OzoneOP) on inflammation and oxidative stress injury in rat model of renal transplantation. Methods: Thirty six male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups. Sham group: rats were treated with opening and closing abdomen. Kidney transplantation group (KT group): SD rat received the donor’s left kidney derived from another SD rat. Ozone oxidative preconditioning and kidney transplantation (OOP+KT group): donor SD rats received OzoneOP treatments by transrectal insufflations before kidney transplantation. After transplantation, parameters of renal function of recipients were determined. Morphology and pathological changes of renal allograft were examined. Expression of NF-κBp65, HMGB-1 were also determined by Western-blot. Results: Compared to KT group, the morphology and pathological damages of renal allograft were less serious in OOP+KT group. Meanwhile, levels of SOD and GSH-Px of renal allograft in OOP+KT group were higher than those in KT group respectively. Western-blot showed that the expressions of NF-κBp65 and HMGB-1 in OOP+KT group were obviously less than those in KT group. Conclusion: Ozone oxidative preconditioning could attenuate the inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress injury in renal allograft, which might be related with the enhancement of anti-oxidative system and suppression of inflammatory reaction.</p></div

Trends in late HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men in Jiangsu province, China: Results from four consecutive community-based surveys, 2011-2014

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>To examine trends in HIV testing, late HIV diagnosis and associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jiangsu province, China.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Four consecutive community-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted among MSM from 2011 to 2014 in eight cities in the province. Participants were recruited from MSM venues and via the internet. HIV bio-behavioral surveys were conducted to collect demographic and behavioral data and measure HIV infection. HIV-infected participants with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/uL were defined as having a late HIV diagnosis. Chi-square trend tests were used to compare temporal changes over the years and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with late diagnosis.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 2,441, 2,677, 2,591 and 2,610 participants were enrolled in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Testing for HIV in the last 12 months decreased over the time period, from 59.9% to 52.5% (<i>p</i><0.001). Late HIV diagnosis remained high and steady, ranging from 33.3% to 44.2% over the years with no significant change over time (<i>p</i> = 0.418). MSM who were older than 24 years (aOR = 1.748, <i>p</i> = 0.020 for 25–39 years old; aOR = 3.148, <i>p</i><0.001 for 40 years old or older), were recruited via internet (aOR = 1.596, <i>p</i> = 0.024), and did not have an HIV test in the past 12 months (aOR = 3.385, <i>p</i><0.001) were more likely to be late diagnosed.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our study showed a plateau in HIV testing among MSM in China, in parallel to high levels of late diagnosis. Emerging and innovative strategies such as HIV self-testing and reaching more MSM by internet, both highly acceptable to MSM in China, may reduce late diagnosis.</p></div

Data_Sheet_1_Trends of late HIV presentation and advance HIV disease among newly diagnosed HIV cases in Jiangsu, China: A serial cross-sectional study from 2008 to 2020.docx

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the trends and determine the factors associated with late presentation (LP) and advanced HIV disease (AHD) among newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLWH) from 2008 to 2020 in Jiangsu, China.MethodsNewly diagnosed PLWH registered in the HIV surveillance system from 2008 to 2020 were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with LP and AHD. The LP and AHD trends were assessed using Joint-point analysis.ResultsOf 37,251 newly diagnosed PLWH identified, 30,251(81.2%) patients met the inclusion criteria. Among those, 16,672 (55.1%) were considered LP, and 8,691 (28.7%) had AHD. LP trends steadily increased from 2008 (39.0%) to 2020 (59.4%), but AHD trends decreased visibly from 2016 (32.3%) to 2020 (23.4%). The overall median CD4 trends decreased slowly from 389 to 305 cells/mm3 between 2008 and 2020. Married patients and those older than 35 years were more likely to be LP and have AHD. Patients infected via heterosexual transmission had a higher risk of being classified as AHD (aOR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.06–1.21) than patients infected via homosexual transmission. Patients that were diagnosed at sexually transmitted infections (STIs) clinics (aOR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.01–1.20) and in hospitals (aOR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.59–1.79) were more likely to be classified as LP compared with patients diagnosed at voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) centers. Similar, patients diagnosed at STIs clinics (aOR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11–1.36) and hospitals (aOR: 2.27, 95%CI: 2.12–2.43) were more likely to have AHD than patients diagnosed in VCT.ConclusionOur findings indicate an alarming burden of LP in Jiangsu, suggesting the need for more attention toward HIV diagnosis at early CD4 stages. National HIV control programs must strengthen comprehensive interventions for HIV prevention and promote HIV services. Also, strategies for HIV prevention (PrEP and PEP), testing, and treatment must be extended, especially among the general population.</p

Trends in HIV prevalence and late diagnosis among MSM in sentinel surveillance surveys in Jiangsu province, China, 2011–2014.

<p>Trends in HIV prevalence and late diagnosis among MSM in sentinel surveillance surveys in Jiangsu province, China, 2011–2014.</p

Trends in socio-demographic characteristics and HIV-related behaviors of MSM in sentinel surveillance surveys in Jiangsu province, China, 2011–2014.

<p>Trends in socio-demographic characteristics and HIV-related behaviors of MSM in sentinel surveillance surveys in Jiangsu province, China, 2011–2014.</p

Factors associated with late diagnosis among HIV-infected MSM in sentinel surveillance surveys in Jiangsu province, China, 2011–2014.

<p>Factors associated with late diagnosis among HIV-infected MSM in sentinel surveillance surveys in Jiangsu province, China, 2011–2014.</p