Weighted allocations, their concomitant-based estimators, and asymptotics

Various members of the class of weighted insurance premiums and risk capital allocation rules have been researched from a number of perspectives. Corresponding formulas in the case of parametric families of distributions have been derived, and they have played a pivotal role when establishing parametric statistical inference in the area. Non-parametric inference results have also been derived in special cases such as the tail conditional expectation, distortion risk measure, and several members of the class of weighted premiums. For weighted allocation rules, however, non-parametric inference results have not yet been adequately developed. In the present paper, therefore, we put forward empirical estimators for the weighted allocation rules and establish their consistency and asymptotic normality under practically sound conditions. Intricate statistical considerations rely on the theory of induced order statistics, known as concomitants.Comment: 20 page

Agenda 21 and the ecological footprint as instruments to achieve a sustainable university

[Resumen] Para frenar el rápido deterioro ambiental, la universidad ha de formar a las nuevas generaciones en un modelo de sostenibilidad integral (solidaridad sincrónica y diacrónica) y, además, contribuir al cambio en los estilos de vida, en los conocimientos y conductas de la sociedad actual. Esto precisa un nuevo marco teórico-metodológico bajo el paradigma de la sostenibilidad que fundamente y concrete las propuestas educativas. Tomando como referencia los principios del desarrollo sostenible y utilizando como «herramientas» la Agenda 21en la Universidad y la Huella Ecológica, hemos desarrollado y puesto en práctica una estrategia metodológica (ecometodología) con el fin de capacitar a nuestro alumnado (profesorado en formación) para actuar con criterios de sustentabilidad, tanto colectiva, como individualmente[Abstract] In order to stop the quick environmental deterioration of the planet, University has to prepare the new generations following a model of integral sustainability (synchronic and diachronic solidarity) and it also has to contribute to a change in lifestyles, in knowledge and behaviours in our society. There is a need for a new theoretical-methodological frame under the paradigm of sustainability to base educational proposals on it and to concretize them. Taking into consideration the principles of Sustainable Development and using the tools of «Agenda 21 in the University» and Ecological Footprint, we have developed and applied a methodological strategy (ecomethodology) to enable ours students (future teachers) to act, collectively and individually, according to the criteria of sustainabilit

MEI Kodierung der frühesten Notation in linienlosen Neumen

Das Optical Neume Recognition Project (ONRP) hat die digitale Kodierung von musikalischen Notationszeichen aus dem Jahr um 1000 zum Ziel – ein ambitioniertes Vorhaben, das die Projektmitglieder veranlasste, verschiedenste methodische Ansätze zu evaluieren. Die Optical Music Recognition-Software soll eine linienlose Notation aus einem der ältesten erhaltenen Quellen mit Notationszeichen, dem Antiphonar Hartker aus der Benediktinerabtei St. Gallen (Schweiz), welches heute in zwei Bänden in der Stiftsbibliothek in St. Gallen aufbewahrt wird, erfassen. Aufgrund der handgeschriebenen, linienlosen Notation stellt dieser Gregorianische Gesang den Forscher vor viele Herausforderungen. Das Werk umfasst über 300 verschiedene Neumenzeichen und ihre Notation, die mit Hilfe der Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) erfasst und beschrieben werden sollen. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt den Prozess der Adaptierung, um die MEI auf die Notation von Neumen ohne Notenlinien anzuwenden. Beschrieben werden Eigenschaften der Neumennotation, um zu verdeutlichen, wo die Herausforderungen dieser Arbeit liegen sowie die Funktionsweise des Classifiers, einer Art digitalen Neumenwörterbuchs

An Information-Theoretic Machine Learning Approach to Expression QTL Analysis

<div><p>Expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTL) analysis is a powerful tool to study the biological mechanisms linking the genotype with gene expression. Such analyses can identify genomic locations where genotypic variants influence the expression of genes, both in close proximity to the variant (cis-eQTL), and on other chromosomes (trans-eQTL). Many traditional eQTL methods are based on a linear regression model. In this study, we propose a novel method by which to identify eQTL associations with information theory and machine learning approaches. Mutual Information (MI) is used to describe the association between genetic marker and gene expression. MI can detect both linear and non-linear associations. What’s more, it can capture the heterogeneity of the population. Advanced feature selection methods, Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (mRMR) and Incremental Feature Selection (IFS), were applied to optimize the selection of the affected genes by the genetic marker. When we applied our method to a study of apoE-deficient mice, it was found that the cis-acting eQTLs are stronger than trans-acting eQTLs but there are more trans-acting eQTLs than cis-acting eQTLs. We compared our results (mRMR.eQTL) with R/qtl, and MatrixEQTL (modelLINEAR and modelANOVA). In female mice, 67.9% of mRMR.eQTL results can be confirmed by at least two other methods while only 14.4% of R/qtl result can be confirmed by at least two other methods. In male mice, 74.1% of mRMR.eQTL results can be confirmed by at least two other methods while only 18.2% of R/qtl result can be confirmed by at least two other methods. Our methods provide a new way to identify the association between genetic markers and gene expression. Our software is available from supporting information.</p></div

The network of Apoe partners and their upstream SNPs.

<p>(A) The network of Apoe partners and their upstream SNPs in male mice. The red node is Apoe. The grey nodes are Apoe partners. The orange nodes are their upstream SNPs. The grey edges are protein-protein interactions. The orange edges are eQTL relationships between SNPs and genes. (B) The network of Apoe partners and their upstream SNPs in female mice. The red node is Apoe. The grey nodes are Apoe partners. The orange nodes are their upstream SNPs. The grey edges are protein-protein interactions. The orange edges are eQTL relationships between SNPs and genes.</p

The venn diagram of mRMR.eQTL, R/qtl, MatrixEQTL.modelLINEAR and MatrixEQTL.modelANOVA in female and male mice.

<p>(A) The venn diagram of mRMR.eQTL, R/qtl, MatrixEQTL.modelLINEAR and MatrixEQTL.modelANOVA in female mice; (B) The venn diagram of mRMR.eQTL, R/qtl, MatrixEQTL.modelLINEAR and MatrixEQTL.modelANOVA in male mice.</p

Additional file 1: of Maternal central obesity and birth size: a Mendelian randomization analysis

Table S1a. WHRadjBMI loci achieving genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10–8) in European women-specific meta-analyses. Table S1b. WCadjBMI loci achieving genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10–8) in European women-specific meta-analyses. Table S1c. HIPadjBMI loci achieving genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10–8) in European women-specific meta-analyses. (XLSX 22 kb

The workflow of mRMR.eQTL.

<p>(A) The input of mRMR.eQTL includes genotype and gene expression data of the same samples. (B) For each SNP, the SNP status is considered as class label and the gene expressions are considered as features. (C) mRMR feature selection is applied to rank the genes based on its relevance to the genotype and redundant to other genes. (D) Incremental feature selection is applied to select the optimal gene set that can best discriminate the genotype status. (E) The eQTL tables are generated based on the mRMR and IFS results.</p

The precision-recall curves of our method, R/qtl, and MatrixEQTL (modelLINEAR and modelANOVA).

<p>The red, green, brown, purple lines represent the precision-recall curves of our method, R/qtl, MatrixEQTL_modelLINEAR and MatrixEQTL_modelANOVA, respectively.</p

SNPs with significantly more Apoe partners in male mice.

<p>SNPs with significantly more Apoe partners in male mice.</p