Instantons and Monopoles in the Nonperturbative QCD

We study the confinement physics in QCD in the maximally abelian (MA) gauge using the SU(2) lattice QCD. To clarify the origin of abelian dominance for the long-range physics, we study the charged-gluon propagator in the lattice QCD, and find that the effective mass $m_{ch} \simeq 0.9 {\rm GeV}$ of the charged gluon is induced by the MA gauge fixing. In the MA gauge, there appears the global network of the monopole world-line covering the whole system, which would be identified as monopole condensation at a large scale. To prove monopole condensation, we apply the dual gauge formalism to the monopole part, and derive the inter-monopole potential from the dual Wilson loop in the MA gauge. In the monopole part, which carries the nonperturbative aspects of QCD, the dual gluon mass is evaluated as $m_B \simeq$0.5GeV, which is the evidence of the dual Higgs mechanism by monopole condensation. As for the monopole structure, the large fluctuation of off-diagonal gluons remains around the monopole in the MA gauge, and large cancellation occurs between the diagonal and off-diagonal action densities to keep the total QCD action finite. The charged-gluon rich region around the QCD-monopole would provide the effective monopole size as the critical scale of the abelian projected QCD. Instantons are expected to appear in the charged-gluon rich region around the monopole world-line in the MA gauge, which leads to the local correlation between monopoles and instantons.Comment: Invited Lecture presented by H. Suganuma at 1997 Yukawa International Seminar (YKIS'97) on `` Non-Perturbative QCD -Structure of the QCD Vacuum-'', 2-12 December 1997, in Kyoto, Japan, 12 pages, Plain Late

Delaying dispreferred responses in English: From a Japanese perspective

This article employs conversation analysis to explore the interpenetration of grammar and preference organization in English conversation in comparison with a previous study for Japanese. Whereas varying the word order of major syntactic elements is a vital grammatical resource in Japanese for accomplishing the potentially universal task of delaying dispreferred responses to a range of first actions, it is found to have limited utility in English. A search for alternative operations and devices that conversationalists deploy for this objective in English points to several grammatical constructions that can be tailored to maximize the delay of dispreferred responses. These include the fronting of relatively mobile, syntactically ?non-obligatory? elements of clause structure and the employment of various copular constructions. A close interdependence is observed between the rudimentary grammatical resources available in the two languages and the types of operations that are respectively enlisted for the implementation of the organization of preference

How is "success" defined? : An involuntary resettlement case under Japan's development assistance project

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-90).by Hiroko Tanaka.M.C.P

Magnetic Phase Transition and Magnetization Plateau in Cs2_2CuBr4_4

The crystal structure of Cs$_2$CuBr$_4$ is the same as that of Cs$_2$CuCl$_4$, which has been characterized as a spin-1/2 quasi-two-dimensional frustrated system. The magnetic properties of Cs$_2$CuBr$_4$ were investigated by magnetization and specific heat measurements. The phase transition at zero magnetic field was detected at $T_{\rm N}=1.4$ K. It was observed that the magnetization curve has a plateau at about one-third of the saturation magnetization for magnetic field $H$ parallel to the $b$- and $c$-axes, while no plateau was observed for $H\parallel a$. The field-induced phase transition to the plateau state appears to be of the first order. The mechanism leading to the magnetization plateau is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 4 eps files, ptptex, will appear in Supplement of Progress in Theoretical Physic

Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State due to Antisymmetric Spin-Orbit-Coupling in Noncentrosymmetric Superconductivity CePt3_3Si

When the inversion symmetry is broken, the spin-orbit coupling reduces the transition temperature of some types of spin triplet superconductivity, which is similar to the case that magnetic field reduces the spin singlet superconductivity due to Zeeman splitting. It is well known that Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state of spin singlet superconductivity is realized near the Pauli limit (or Chandrasekhar-Clogston limit) of external magnetic field. In FFLO state the amplitude of the order parameter is not uniform in space. In this paper we study the FFLO state in the spin triplet superconductivity in the absence of magnetic field due to the spin-orbit coupling. Although the FFLO state is not realized in the simple model with spherical Fermi surface, it will be stabilized if some condition is favorable for it. We discuss the possibility of FFLO state in CePt$_3$Si in the absence of external magnetic field.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, M2S-HTSC VII

Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Impairment of Tumor Rejection Is Enhanced in Xeroderma Pigmentosum A Gene-Deficient Mice

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)A gene-deficient mice display dermatologic abnormalities similar to human XP, such as enhanced ultraviolet (UV)-induced acute inflammation and high incidence of UVB-induced skin cancer. We have previously reported that UVB-induced immunosuppression of contact hypersensitivity was greatly enhanced in XPA mice. In the present study, we examined the effects of UVB radiation on tumor rejection in XPA mice. Tumor cells established from UVB-induced squamous cell carcinoma in XPA mice were injected subcutaneously. No difference in the development of tumors was observed between the non-irradiated XPA and wild-type mice. Tumors developed, grew in size, and reached the maximum at 7–10 d after the inoculation. Thereafter, all tumors decreased in size and were completely rejected by 4 wk in both strains of mice. When tumor cells were inoculated into the skin that had been irradiated with 50–150 mJ per cm2 of UVB, tumor grew in 60% (12 of 20) of the XPA mice, but only in 4% (one of 23) of wild-type mice. Phenotyping of tumor-infiltrating cells revealed that the migration of natural killer cells and CD8(+) T cells was inhibited in UVB-irradiated XPA mice. These data suggest that enhanced UVB-induced impairment of tumor rejection could be partially involved in the cancer development of XP patients