Experimental Studies on Fiber Reinforced Soil Stabilized with Lime and Fly Ash

This study investigates the enhancement in strength of fiber-reinforced soil stabilized with lime and fly ash, focusing on key parameters essential for highway design and construction i.e., California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and compaction characteristics. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the CBR values, Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of soil stabilized with varying percentages of fly ash (FA) and lime, and reinforced with different types and percentages of fibers, specifically coir fibers (CF) and polypropylene fibers (PF). The addition of stabilizing agents (fly ash and lime) to the fiber-reinforced soil was found to increase the OMC and decrease the MDD. Notably, a significant increase in the CBR value was observed up to an optimum content of these admixtures. However, adding fibers beyond a certain percentage resulted in the sample breaking. This study is novel in its comprehensive evaluation of both natural (coir) and synthetic (polypropylene) fibers in combination with traditional stabilizers (fly ash and lime), offering insights into the optimal mix for enhancing soil strength. The findings contribute to more efficient and durable highway construction practices by identifying the balance between fiber reinforcement and chemical stabilization

Studies on the Effect of Laser Shock Peening Intensity on the Mechanical Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured SS316L

This study examines the impact of laser shock peening (LSP) on the mechanical properties, microstructural features, and elemental distribution of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) produced using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The investigation focuses on significant changes in mechanical behavior, surface topography, and porosity following LSP treatment, comparing these results to the untreated condition. LSP treatment significantly enhanced the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of WAAM-fabricated SS316L samples. The UTS of the as-manufactured WAAM specimen was 548 MPa, which progressively increased with higher LSP intensities to 595 MPa for LSP-1, 613 MPa for LSP-2, and 634.5 MPa for LSP-3, representing a maximum improvement of 15.8%. The YS showed a similar trend, increasing from 289 MPa in the as-manufactured specimen to 311 MPa (LSP-1) and 332 MPa (LSP-2), but decreasing to 259 MPa for LSP-3, indicating over-peening effects. Microstructural analysis revealed that LSP induced severe plastic deformation and reduced porosity from 14.02% to 4.18%, contributing to the improved mechanical properties. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the formation of an oxide layer post-LSP, with an increase in carbon (C) and oxygen (O) elements and a decrease in chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) elements on the surface, attributed to localized pressure and heat impacts. LSP-treated samples exhibited enhanced mechanical performance, with higher tensile strengths and improved ductility at higher laser intensities. This is due to LSP effectively enhancing the mechanical properties and structural integrity of WAAM-fabricated SS316L, reducing porosity, and refining the microstructure. These improvements make the material suitable for critical applications in the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical fields

Stress Analysis of a Flange Stiffened FRP Composite Panel with Varying Stacking Sequence

Large panel structures made of composites are common building units in aerospace industries. In order to increase the stiffness of such structures, the panel or skin is adhered to a flange and supported by a web. Such a stiffened panel is modeled as an arrangement of web, flange and panel with an interface between the flange and the panel. In this paper, three dimensional stress analysis of one such stiffened panel has been carried out using the finite element analysis. The geometric non-linearity has been assumed in the analysis. The effect of material anisotropy and the laminate stacking sequence on the stress components has been studied. Material Graphite Fiber Reinforced Polymeric (GFRP) composite has been used and, two different configurations were considered while the unidirectional prepregs were laid up in quasi-isotropic [0/0/0/0]2 and cross-ply [0/90/90/0]2. Subsequently, the coupled stress failure criterion has been used to predict the critical location of damage onset. When component damage indicator attained the value of 1.0, the component was considered to lose stiffness and structural integrity.</jats:p

Understanding of Maternal Health Status in Different Social Groups in India Using NFHS Data

Maternal health is a major public health concern in India. MMR of India has declined significantly but maternal health status has not much improved. The prevalence of anemia and low Body Mass Index (BMI) is more severe among the women belonging to the Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) categories. In this paper, attempts have been made to examine the maternal health status and to identify the factors responsible for poor health status among SC and ST women. The study is purely based on secondary data taken from latest 3 rounds of NFHS (2005-6, 2015-16 & 2019-21). Multivariate analysis have been carried out using panel regression model to understand the impact of determinants on maternal healthcare. The study found that the SC and ST women are more prone to anemia than others (GENERAL category women). Maternal health status is mostly controlled by per capita health expenditure and health infrastructure variables like no. of hospitals and nurses, irrespective of social class. Thus poor maternal health status in India, especially among socially disadvantaged groups of society, have been major concern. The government should be more focused on existing policies related to maternal healthcare

Comparative Study on Cutting Force Simulation Using DEFORM 3D Software during High Speed Machining of Ti-6Al-4V

The finite element-based machining simulations for evaluation/computation of different machining responses (i.e., cutting temperature, tool wear, cutting force, and power/energy consumption) are investigated by number of researchers. In this work, finite element machining simulation was performed to obtain knowledge about cutting forces during machining of hard materials. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) has been increasingly used in aerospace and biomedical applications due to high toughness and good corrosion resistance. The high speed machining (HSM) simulation of Ti-6Al-4V work-piece using carbide tool coated with TiCN has been conducted with different combination of cutting conditions for prediction of main cutting force (Fz). The simulated result obtained from Deform 3D software is validated with experimental result and it was found that the result found in good agreement. The parametric variation shows that depth of cut and feed are influencing parameters on cutting force.</jats:p

Experimental Studies on Fiber Reinforced Soil Stabilized with Lime and Fly Ash

This study investigates the enhancement in strength of fiber-reinforced soil stabilized with lime and fly ash, focusing on key parameters essential for highway design and construction i.e., California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and compaction characteristics. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the CBR values, Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of soil stabilized with varying percentages of fly ash (FA) and lime, and reinforced with different types and percentages of fibers, specifically coir fibers (CF) and polypropylene fibers (PF). The addition of stabilizing agents (fly ash and lime) to the fiber-reinforced soil was found to increase the OMC and decrease the MDD. Notably, a significant increase in the CBR value was observed up to an optimum content of these admixtures. However, adding fibers beyond a certain percentage resulted in the sample breaking. This study is novel in its comprehensive evaluation of both natural (coir) and synthetic (polypropylene) fibers in combination with traditional stabilizers (fly ash and lime), offering insights into the optimal mix for enhancing soil strength. The findings contribute to more efficient and durable highway construction practices by identifying the balance between fiber reinforcement and chemical stabilization

Numerical Simulation of Cutting Force in High Speed Machining of Inconel 718

Machining is one of the major manufacturing processes that converts a raw work piece of arbitrary size into a finished product of definite shape of predetermined size by suitably controlling the relative motion between the tool and the work. Lately, machining process is shifting towards high speed machining (HSM) from conventional machining to improve and efficiently increase production, and towards dry machining from excessive coolant used wet machining to improve economy of production. And the tools used are mostly hardened alloys to facilitate HSM. The work piece materials are continually improving their properties by emergence and development of newer and high resistive super alloys (HRSA). In this paper an attempt has been made to validate an experimental result of cutting force obtained by performing HSM on an HRSA Inconel 718, by comparing it with the numerical result obtained by simulating the same setting using DEFORM 3D software. Based on the comparison it is found that the simulated results exhibit close proximity with the experimental results validating the experimental results and the effectiveness of the software.</jats:p