Evaluasi Beberapa Kultivar Padi Gogo Asal Kalimantan Timur untuk Ketahanan terhadap Aluminium Menggunakan Metode Kultur Hara

Twenty four upland rice cultivars from East Kalimantan and control cultivar were evaluated for tolerance to aluminium using nutrient culture with two treatments of 0 ppm and 45 ppm AI. Result showed that eight cultivars (Pimping, Ketan Hitam, Mayas, Padi Bulu, Popot, Siam Kuning, Ketan Merah, Serai) have PAR > 0.5 and were categorized as tolerant cultivar, the other 16 cultivars were categorized as suceptable. Three tolerant cultivars: Pimping, Ketan Merah and Mayas. even have PAR higher than a control, Krowal

Interaksi Genetik X Lingkungan Dan Variabilitas Genetik Galur Gandum Introduksi (Triticum Aestivum L.) Di Agroekosistem Tropika

Thefocus of wheat research in Indonesia is to obtained newpotential wheat lines that are adapted to low-mid elevationand heat tolerant. This study was aimed to obtaininformation on the effect of interaction of season x line xlocation and genetic variability of wheat lines in tropicalagroecosystem. This study was conducted at the Seameo-Biotrop (<400 masl) and Indonesian Ornamental CropsResearch Institute-Cipanas (>1,000 masl) experimental fieldfor two seasons. The results showed that there was an effectof interaction of season x line x location on plant height,days to flowering, number of spikelet and floret, seed/headweight, rate of grain filling, yield, flag leaf width, stomatadensity, chlorophyll b, and leaf greenness. Meanwhileseveral characters were only influenced by the interaction ofline x location, they were yield component characters, ie.empty floret percentage, number of seed/ head, 1,000 seedweight, number of head/m2 and seed/plant weight. Sevencharacters were not influenced by interaction of neitherseason x line x environment nor line x location, they werenumber of productive tillers, head length, number ofseed/head, chlorophyll a, ratio of chlorophyll a/b, totalchlorophyll, and leaf thickness. The characters that havehigh heritability and wide genetic variability for the twoanalysis models were the number of spikelet

Ketenggangan Genotipe Jagung (Zea Mays L.) terhadap Cekaman Aluminium

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the main yield-limiting factor for maize growing on acid soils of tropical regions. This experiment was conducted to screen maize (Zea mays L) genotypes under Al stress in culture solution. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were Al concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 10, 20, and 40 ppm Al), and the sub plots were 22 maize genotypes. The results indicated that the genotype AMATL-(HS).C2, SATP-(S2)-C6-S0, MRSS-1(S1).C1-29-1, and MRSS-1(S1).C1-57-1 were more tolerant to Al-toxicity than the other genotypes including Antasena. The growth of Al-tolerant genotypes under low concentration of Al (2.5 ppm Al) was stimulated. The Concentration of 5 - 10 ppm Al in nutrient solution was adequate to separate genotypes between tolerant and sensitive genotypes in screening maize genotypes under Al stress. Relative net root length and relative root length were the best variable to be used as Al-tolerance indicators

Keragaan Karakter Morfologi dan Agronomi Galur-Galur Sorgum pada Dua Lingkungan Berbeda

The phenotype is a result of expression from genetic, environment, and their interaction. Genetic X environment interaction information is important for plant breeders to determine stable genotypes in various environments or stable genotypes in specific environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological and agronomical traits and genetic X environment interaction of IPB sorghum breeding lines. The characterization was conducted at IPB experimental Field, based International Union for The Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), used 16 IPB sorghum breeding lines and six national varieties. Evaluation of genetic Х environment interaction was conducted in Gowa South Sulawesi and Bogor West Java. This experiment used 16 sorghum lines and two national varieties. The results showed that breeding lines exhibited variation in morphological traits, have medium plant height, small diameter, short panicle length, and medium 1,000 grain weight. There was qualitative genetic X environment interaction on panicle length, days to flowering, 1,000 grain weight, grain filling rate, grain yield, and productivity. UP/N-124-7, UP/N-89-3, UP/N-151-3, UP/N-32-8, UP/N-17-10, UP/N-4-3, UP/N-118-3, and UP/N-118-7 were well adapted in dry soil with dry climate. UP/N-48-2, UP/N-32-8, UP/N-17-10, UP/N-156-8, UP/N-118-3, and UP/N-139-1 were well adapted in dry soil with wet climate

Development of Sorghum Tolerant to Acid Soil Using Induced Mutation with Gamma Irradiation

Water scarcity still becomes a problem in some dryland agricultural areas in Indonesia. Development of dryland farming system may be focused on crops that are required less water such as sorghum. Sorghum is a cereal crop that is usually grown under hot and dry condition and it is ideal for Indonesia. Sorghum is a good source of food, animal feed and raw material for ethanol. Indonesia is currently looking for alternative renewable energy resources and sorghum is regarded as one of the promising source of bioethanol as bioenergy. Unfortunately, most agricultural land in western part of the country particularly in Sumatera and Kalimantan is dryland and dominated by acid soil. The main constraint of crop production in acid soil is deficiency and Al toxicity. Therefore, development of sorghum cultivation in dryland farming system requires a variety which is tolerant to such conditions. Sorghum breeding for acid soil tolerance had been conducted at PATIR-BATAN by using induced mutations with gamma irradiation. The breeding objective was to search for sorghum genotypes tolerant to acid soil condition and with regard to sorghum use for bioethanol production. A number of 66 breeding materials, including the mutants, had been screened for acid soil tolerance on land with soil pH of 4.2 and 39% Al saturation in Lampung Province. Ten sorghum genotypes had been identified as high yielding in the acid soil condition. The mutant lines GH-ZB-41-07, YT30-39-07, B-76 and B-92 had grain yield higher (>4.5 t/ha) than the control plants (Durra, Mandau and Numbu). Sorghum mutants ZH30-29-07, ZH30-30-07 and ZH30-35-07 were promising for grain-base bioethanol production with ethanol yield exceeded 2,000 l/ha. Meanwhile, the sweet sorghum mutants ZH30-35-07, ZH30-30-07 and ZH30-29-07 had brix content of 11.59, 11.95 and 10.50%, respectively. These mutant lines are promising to be developed further in sorghum breeding since they are highly tolerant to acid soils. Received: 20 November 2009; Revised: 20 April 2010; Accepted: 21 April 201

Pemupukan N, P, K, Dolomit, dan Pupuk Kandang pada Budidaya Kedelai di Lahan Kering Masam

The imbalanced supply-demand of soybean is the main reason of soybean import in Indonesia. One of the efforts to increase of soybean production was expanding the planting area to acid soil with a low pH, high content of Aluminum, and low nutrient availability, through giving ameliorant, such as liming organic materials, and mineral fertilization.This study was aimed to obtain the best combination of fertilizer and amelioran for soybean production in acid soil. The study was conducted in experimental station of Tenjo, Bogor from November 2015 to March 2016. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was combinations of fertilizer and amelioran, i.e., P0 (without fertilization); P1 {25 kg urea + 75 kg SP-36 + 50 kg KCl + dolomite ¼ x Aldd (805 kg) ha-1}; P2 {25 kg urea + 75 kg SP-36 + 50 kg KCl + dolomite ¼ x Aldd (805 kg) + 1,250 kg of manure ha-1}; P3 {50 kg urea + 75 kg SP-36 + 50 kg KCl + dolomite ¼ x Aldd (805 kg) + 2,500 kg of manure ha-1}; P4 {75 kg urea + 150 kg SP-36 + 100 kg KCl + dolomite ¼ x Aldd (805 kg) + 2,500 kg of manure ha-1}; P5 {75 kg urea + 150 kg SP-36 + 100 kg KCl + dolomite ½ x Aldd (1,610 kg) ha-1}; P6 {75 kg urea + 150 kg SP-36 + 100 kg KCl + dolomites 1 x Aldd (3,220 kg) ha-1}. The second factor was soybean varieties of Tanggamus and Anjasmoro. The results showed that application of 75 kg urea + 150 kg SP-36 + 100 kg KCl + dolomite ½ x Aldd (1,610 kg) produced the highest productivity (2.91 ton ha-1), but it was not different from reducing the dose of dolomite into ¼ x Aldd (805 kg) with the addition of 2,500 kg of manure

Studi Radiosensitivitas Kedelai [Glycine Max (L) Merr] Varietas Argomulyo Melalui Irradiasi Sinar Gamma

Benih-benih kedelai dari varietas Argomulyo diiradiasi sinar gamma untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik, memperbaiki morfologi tanaman dan nantinya untuk mendapatkan produksi hasil yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui radiosensitivitas tanaman kedelai [Glycine max (L) Merr ] varietas Argomulyo melalui irradiasi sinar gamma dan mengetahui respon pemberian tingkat irradiasi mikro sinar gamma terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari benih kedelai turunan pertama (M ). Penelitian ini 1merupakan percobaan faktor tunggal dosis irradiasi yang terdiri dari delapan taraf, yaitu 0 Gy, 200 Gy, 400 Gy, 600 Gy, 800 Gy, dan 1000 Gy. Untuk mendapatkan nilai Lethal Dosis 50 (LD ), digunakan program Curve-fit 50Analysis. Untuk mengetahui respon pemberian tingkat irradiasi mikro sinar gamma, benih kedelai yang diuji adalah benih kedelai varietas Argomulyo yang diirradiasi dengan dosis rendah sinar gamma (micro mutation) dengan dosis sedikit dibawah LD yaitu 0 Gy, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy dan 200 Gy. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 50 bahwa nilai Lethal Dosis 50 (LD ) terdapat pada dosis 457,178 Gy. Keragaman yang diperoleh dari tinggi 50 tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong, jumlah polong hampa dan jumlah biji pada generasi M mempengaruhi 1 pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman baik secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang akhirnya akan mempengaruhi produksi tanaman

Penampilan Beberapa Karakter Morfofisiologi Galur Introduksi Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Yang Diseleksi Pada Lingkungan Tanah Masam

The objective of this research was to obtain morpho-physiological characters performances maize inbreed on acid soil condition. The experiment was conducted in a Nested Design with three replications. The first factor was environment, the second factor was 16 inbreds of maize. The experiment was conducted at two environments : acid soil with criteria of Al-dd 0.2 me.100 g-1 and acid soil with criteria of Al-dd 1.87 me.100 g-1. The results showed that tolerant maize inbreed on acid soil condition had small Anthesis Silk Interval and …faste