487 research outputs found
Rolling friction of a hard cylinder on a viscous plane
The resistance against rolling of a rigid cylinder on a flat viscous surface
is investigated. We found that the rolling-friction coefficient reveals
strongly non-linear dependence on the cylinder's velocity. For low velocity the
rolling-friction coefficient rises with velocity due to increasing deformation
rate of the surface. For larger velocity, however, it decreases with velocity
according to decreasing contact area and deformation of the surface.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Coefficient of Restitution for Viscoelastic Spheres: The Effect of Delayed Recovery
The coefficient of normal restitution of colliding viscoelastic spheres is
computed as a function of the material properties and the impact velocity. From
simple arguments it becomes clear that in a collision of purely repulsively
interacting particles, the particles loose contact slightly before the distance
of the centers of the spheres reaches the sum of the radii, that is, the
particles recover their shape only after they lose contact with their collision
partner. This effect was neglected in earlier calculations which leads
erroneously to attractive forces and, thus, to an underestimation of the
coefficient of restitution. As a result we find a novel dependence of the
coefficient of restitution on the impact rate.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Coefficient of tangential restitution for the linear dashpot model
The linear dashpot model for the inelastic normal force between colliding
spheres leads to a constant coefficient of normal restitution,
const., which makes this model very popular for the investigation
of dilute and moderately dense granular systems. For two frequently used models
for the tangential interaction force we determine the coefficient of tangential
restitution , both analytically and by numerical integration of
Newton's equation. Although const. for the linear-dashpot model,
we obtain pronounced and characteristic dependencies of the tangential
coefficient on the impact velocity . The
results may be used for event-driven simulations of granular systems of
frictional particles.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure
Fractal Substructure of a Nanopowder
The structural evolution of a nano-powder by repeated dispersion and settling
can lead to characteristic fractal substructures. This is shown by numerical
simulations of a two-dimensional model agglomerate of adhesive rigid particles.
The agglomerate is cut into fragments of a characteristic size l, which then
are settling under gravity. Repeating this procedure converges to a loosely
packed structure, the properties of which are investigated: a) The final
packing density is independent of the initialization, b) the short-range
correlation function is independent of the fragment size, c) the structure is
fractal up to the fragmentation scale l with a fractal dimension close to 1.7,
and d) the relaxation time increases linearly with l.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figure
Long-Term Soil Productivity Study: 25-Year Vegetation Response to Varying Degrees of Disturbance in Aspen-Dominated Forest Spanning the Upper Lake States
Installations of the Long-Term Soil Productivity Study were established in northern Minnesota and Michigan at the Chippewa, Ottawa, and Huron-Manistee National Forests (NFs) in the early 1990s and have since provided a wealth of data for assessing the response of aspen-dominated forest ecosystems to varying levels of organic matter removal and soil compaction. An assessment of 25-year standing woody biomass indicates that neither whole-tree harvest nor whole-tree harvest combined with forest floor removal reduced forest productivity on silt-loam soils compared with conventional, stem-only harvest; however, moderate and heavy compaction did negatively impact aspen biomass and stem densities. In contrast, whole-tree harvest reduced standing biomass of aspen and all species combined on sandy soils at the Huron NF while compaction had no discernable impact. Neither treatment factor affected vegetation response at the Ottawa NF (clay soils), but reduced sample size at this site may have increased variability. Over all, the response of standing biomass and forest structure to organic matter removal and compaction treatments demonstrate that the sustainability of practices such as whole-tree harvesting and associated potential for soil impacts varies with site conditions, even when stands are dominated by the same species (e.g., Populus tremuloides)
Chains of Viscoelastic Spheres
Given a chain of viscoelastic spheres with fixed masses of the first and last
particles. We raise the question: How to chose the masses of the other
particles of the chain to assure maximal energy transfer? The results are
compared with a chain of particles for which a constant coefficient of
restitution is assumed. Our simple example shows that the assumption of
viscoelastic particle properties has not only important consequences for very
large systems (see [1]) but leads also to qualitative changes in small systems
as compared with particles interacting via a constant restitution coefficient.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Collision of One-Dimensional Nonlinear Chains
We investigate one-dimensional collisions of unharmonic chains and a rigid
wall. We find that the coefficient of restitution (COR) is strongly dependent
on the velocity of colliding chains and has a minimum value at a certain
velocity. The relationship between COR and collision velocity is derived for
low-velocity collisions using perturbation methods. We found that the velocity
dependence is characterized by the exponent of the lowest unharmonic term of
interparticle potential energy
Dynamic masses for the close PG1159 binary SDSSJ212531.92-010745.9
SDSSJ212531.92-010745.9 is the first known PG1159 star in a close binary with
a late main sequence companion allowing a dynamical mass determination. The
system shows flux variations with a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 0.7 mag and
a period of about 6.96h. In August 2007, 13 spectra of SDSSJ212531.92-010745.9
covering the full orbital phase range were taken at the TWIN 3.5m telescope at
the Calar Alto Observatory (Alm\'{e}ria, Spain). These confirm the typical
PG1159 features seen in the SDSS discovery spectrum, together with the Balmer
series of hydrogen in emission (plus other emission lines), interpreted as
signature of the companion's irradiated side. A radial velocity curve was
obtained for both components. Using co-added radial-velocity-corrected spectra,
the spectral analysis of the PG1159 star is being refined.
The system's lightcurve, obtained during three seasons of photometry with the
G\"ottingen 50cm and T\"ubingen 80cm telescopes, was fitted with both the
NIGHTFALL and PHOEBE binary simulation programs. An accurate mass determination
of the PG1159 component from the radial velocity measurements requires to first
derive the inclination, which requires light curve modelling and yields further
constraints on radii, effective temperature and separation of the system's
components. From the analysis of all data available so far, we present the
possible mass range for the PG1159 component of SDSSJ212531.92-010745.9.Comment: 8 pages, in "White dwarfs", proceedings of the 16th European White
Dwarf Workshop, eds. E. Garcia-Berro, M. Hernanz, J. Isern, S. Torres, to be
published in J. Phys.: Conf. Se
Dissipative spin chains: Implementation with cold atoms and steady-state properties
We propose a quantum optical implementation of a class of dissipative spin
systems, including the XXZ and Ising model, with ultra-cold atoms in optical
lattices. Employing the motional degree of freedom of the atoms and detuned
Raman transitions we show how to obtain engineerable dissipation and a tunable
transversal magnetic field, enabling the study of the dynamics and
steady-states of dissipative spin models. As an example of effects made
accessible this way, we consider small spin chains and weak dissipation and
show by numerical simulation that steady-state expectation values display
pronounced peaks at certain critical system parameters. We show that this
effect is related to degeneracies in the Hamiltonian and derive a sufficient
condition for its occurrence.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, published version, includes new figure and
several small change
Self-diffusion in granular gases
The coefficient of self-diffusion for a homogeneously cooling granular gas
changes significantly if the impact-velocity dependence of the restitution
coefficient is taken into account. For the case of a constant
the particles spread logarithmically slow with time, whereas the
velocity dependent coefficient yields a power law time-dependence. The impact
of the difference in these time dependences on the properties of a freely
cooling granular gas is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, no figure
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