9 research outputs found

    The Role of Savoring Positive Experiences When Faced with Challenge and Hindrance Demands: A Longitudinal Study

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    The goal of the present study was to examine the moderating effects of savoring and both challenge and hindrance job demands on the longitudinal relationship between job resources and engagement and burnout, mediated by personal resources, represented by psychological capital (PsyCap). Building upon previous research (Xanthopoulou et al., 2007; Xanthopoulou et al., 2009), Time 1 job resources were positively related to Time 2 engagement and negatively related to Time 2 burnout through Time 1 personal resources. In addition, Time 1 savoring was found to significantly interact with Time 1 job resources to predict Time 2 burnout, whereby savoring magnified the negative relationship between Time 1 job resources and Time 2 burnout. However, the moderating effects of challenge and hindrance demands were not found in the smaller matched sample. In the larger Time 1 sample, challenge demands enhanced the positive relationship between job resources and engagement, as well as enhanced the negative relationship between personal resources and burnout. Hindrance demands also significantly interacted with personal resources and job resources to predict engagement. Finally, in the larger Time 1 sample, savoring again amplified the negative relationship between job resources and burnout. These findings first demonstrate that the presence of challenge and hindrance job demands may significantly affect employees’ work engagement and symptoms of burnout given the availability of job resources. Furthermore, savoring positive experiences may be beneficial to employees’ mental health by diminishing symptoms of burnout when more job resources are available

    Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Mental Health Treatment

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    The present study assessed implicit and explicit attitudes toward mental health treatment, and whether the different attitude assessments were related to treatment-seeking. Undergraduate students (N=192) completed three Implicit Association Tests (IAT), which were computer-based reaction time tasks where participants responded to terms for mental health and medical treatments that were paired with the attributes good versus bad, effective versus ineffective, and honoring versus humiliating. Survey items assessed explicit ratings of mental health treatment and medical treatment on these attributes, as well as more general attitudes toward mental health treatment. The IAT results revealed a significant negative implicit bias toward mental health treatment as being less effective, good, and honoring than medical treatment. Explicit survey measures also showed more negative responses toward mental health treatment. Some correspondence was also obtained between the implicit biases reflected by the IAT and the explicit biases shown on the self-report survey. Finally, students who had sought mental health treatment had more positive explicit attitudes toward mental health treatment than those who had not sought treatment, but no differences were obtained on the implicit attitude measures. The current study helps to progress research working to reduce stigma towards mental health treatment and increase treatment-seeking behaviors

    The Moderating Effects of Savoring Positive Life Experiences on the Relationship between Combat Exposure and Mental Health Symptoms

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    Engaging in firefights or witnessing death and other types of combat experiencesare occupational hazards associated with combat exposure facing military personnel. Thepresent study examined whether savoring beliefs moderate the relationship betweencombat exposure and negative mental health symptoms among U.S. Army soldiersdeployed to Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF).Soldiers (N = 885) deployed on at least one combat operation completed a measure ofcombat exposure, savoring beliefs, depression and PTSD at two time periods separatedby five months. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were conducted to assessthe relationship between variables and for the moderating effect of savoring. Savoringwas found to be negatively related to symptoms of depression and PTSD, as well as actedas a buffer between combat exposure and depression and PTSD among militarypersonnel, for the larger Time 1 sample. However, the moderating effects were notobtained with the smaller matched sample. These findings demonstrate that savoringpositive life experiences may be beneficial to overall positive mental health by increasingones ability to experience and maintain enjoyment in the short term, while also bufferingnegative mental health symptoms related to traumatic experiences

    Study of Various Photomultiplier Tubes with Muon Beams And Cerenkov Light Produced in Electron Showers

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    The PMTs of the CMS Hadron Forward calorimeter were found to generate a large size signal when their windows were traversed by energetic charged particles. This signal, which is due to Cerenkov light production at the PMT window, could interfere with the calorimeter signal and mislead the measurements. In order to find a viable solution to this problem, the response of four different types of PMTs to muons traversing their windows at different orientations is measured at the H2 beam-line at CERN. Certain kinds of PMTs with thinner windows show significantly lower response to direct muon incidence. For the four anode PMT, a simple and powerful algorithm to identify such events and recover the PMT signal using the signals of the quadrants without window hits is also presented. For the measurement of PMT responses to Cerenkov light, the Hadron Forward calorimeter signal was mimicked by two different setups in electron beams and the PMT performances were compared with each other. Superior performance of particular PMTs was observed

    Transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at (s)\sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV

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    Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the LHC commissioning in December 2009. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average charged-hadron transverse momentum is measured to be 0.46 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0.50 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for pseudorapidities between -2.4 and +2.4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dN(charged)/d(eta) for |eta| < 0.5, are 3.48 +/- 0.02 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.) and 4.47 +/- 0.04 (stat.) +/- 0.16 (syst.), respectively. The results at 0.9 TeV are in agreement with previous measurements and confirm the expectation of near equal hadron production in p-pbar and pp collisions. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements at a particle collider to date

    Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pppp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV