Stesichorus on Stage

While scholars generally agree that Stesichorus was important to the tragedians, studies of the relationship focus on the broad shaping of the plot or stylistic devices, and suggest little detailed engagement at a textual level. This chapter argues that we can go further, notwithstanding the fragmentary state of Stesichorus' poetry. It focuses on Stesichorus' Oresteia and Thebais, and argues that we find intertextuality in all three tragedians and across a range of plays

The animal fable and Greek iambus: <i>ainoi</i> and half-<i>ainoi</i> in Archilochus

Archilochus’ poetry makes particuarly dense use of animal fable, and the fame of his fables were an important factor in the later identification of animal fable as a distinctive features of iambus. This chapter explores two aspects of animal fable in Archilochus. The first section investigates a technique I term ‘half-ainoi’, where rather than telling a fable in full, the poet alludes to it in a compressed manner, which requires the audience to recognise the story and unpack its meaning. Interpreting these half-ainoi requires the audience to engage intellectually with the conventions of animal fable, and consider the relevance of the traditional fable to the setting, since the animal stories are used to complicate and enrich the poem rather than to give simple moral analogues. The second part of the chapter explores the Fox and Eagle (frr. 172-81 W) and Fox and Ape (frr. 185-7) Epodes, and argues that we find a similar level of self-consciousness in the way the fable genre is used as a moralising device

Visual Imagery in Parthenaic Song

This chapter explores the use of visual imagery in parthenaic song, and argues that it is a distinctive feature of the genre. The chapter examines visual imagery in the surviving partheneia (Alcman frr. 1, 3 PMGF, Pindar fr. 94b S-M) and contrasts this with the type of self-referentiality we find in choral lyric performed by male singers. While the identity of the singers is important to various types of lyric, it is only in partheneia that we find detailed descriptions of their appearance and actions. We find a similar fixation on the bodies of the performers in dramatic choruses who impersonate female singers, while other Greek texts which describe female chorality draw on this imagery. The chapter argues that this emphasis on the visual can be connected with the songs’ role in female transition and in displaying young women safely within their communities

Telephus on Paros: genealogy and myth in the 'new Archilochus' poem (P. Oxy. 4708)

The discovery of the new ‘Telephus Elegy’ in 2005 has transformed our knowledge of Archilochus by providing the first surviving example of his use of myth. Yet scholars have found the choice and handling of the Telephus myth surprising. This article will explore the significance that Telephus had for a Parian and/or Thasian audience, and will use this to investigate the political and rhetorical impact of his presentation in the poem. It argues that Archilochus emphasises the aspects of Telephus’ story that connect him most closely with local myth, and that he does so to enhance the poem’s central message: criticism and implicit mockery of the mythological battle, and by implication, of contemporary Parian military strategy

Olanzapine Attenuates Cue-elicited Craving for Tobacco

Rationale: Recent biological conceptualizations of craving and addiction have implicated mesolimbic dopamine activity as a central feature of the process of addiction. Imaging, and pharmacological studies have supported a role for dopaminergic structures in cue-elicited craving for tobacco. Objective: If mesolimbic dopamine activity is associated with cue-elicited craving for tobacco, a dopamine antagonist should attenuate cueelicited craving for tobacco. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether an atypical antipsychotic (olanzapine, 5 mg) decreased cue-elicited craving for tobacco. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to 5 days of pretreatment with olanzapine (5 mg; n=31) or were randomly assigned to 5 days of a matching placebo (n=28). Approximately 8 h after the last dose, participants were exposed to a control cue (pencil) followed by exposure to smoking cues. Participants subsequently smoked either nicotine cigarettes or de-nicotinized cigarettes. Results: Olanzapine attenuated cue-elicited craving for tobacco but did not moderate the subjective effects of smoking. Discussion: This study represents one of the first investigations of the effect of atypical antipsychotics on cue-elicited craving for tobacco. The results suggest that medications with similar profiles may reduce cue-elicited craving, which in turn, may partially explain recent observations that atypical antipsychotics may reduce substance use

Vitamin C Intravenous Treatment In the Setting of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Results From the Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled CITRIS-AF Pilot Study

BackgroundCatheter ablation is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), but high levels of post-procedure inflammation predict adverse clinical events. Ascorbic acid (AA) has shown promise in reducing inflammation but is untested in this population. We sought to test the feasibility, safety, and preliminary effects on inflammatory biomarkers in the CITRIS-AF (Vitamin C Intravenous Treatment In the Setting of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation) pilot study. Methods and ResultsPatients scheduled to undergo AF ablation (N=20) were randomized 1:1 to double-blinded treatment with AA (200 mg/kg divided over 24 hours) or placebo. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels were obtained before the first infusion and repeated at 24 hours and 30 days. Pain levels within 24 hours and early recurrence of AF within 90 days were recorded. Median and interquartile range were aged 63 (56–70) years, 13 (65%) men, and 18 (90%) white. Baseline data were similar between the 2 groups except ejection fraction. Baseline C-reactive protein levels were 2.56 (1.47–5.87) mg/L and similar between groups (P=0.48). Change in C-reactive protein from baseline to 24 hours was +10.79 (+6.56–23.19) mg/L in the placebo group and +3.01 (+0.40–5.43) mg/L in the AA group (P=0.02). Conversely, change in interleukin-6 was numerically higher in the AA group, though not statistically significant (P=0.32). One patient in each arm developed pericarditis; no adverse events related to the infusions were seen. There were no significant differences between aggregated post-procedure pain levels within 24 hours or early recurrence of AF (both P\u3e0.05). ConclusionsHigh-dose AA is safe and well tolerated at the time of AF ablation and may be associated with a blunted rise in C-reactive protein, although consistent findings were not seen in interleukin-6 levels. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the potential benefit in improving clinically relevant outcomes

Negotiating Seduction: Archilochus’ Cologne Epode and the Transformation of Epic

This article offers a new interpretation of Archilochus’ First Cologne Epode (fr. 196a W) by reading it as a sustained travesty of an epic seduction scene. The article begins by setting out the flexibility of the epic type-scene, with an analysis of the Dios Apate in Iliad 14, Aphrodite’s seduction of Anchises in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite, and Odysseus’ encounter with Nausicaa in Odyssey 6. The second part of the article demonstrates that the Cologne Epode is structured around the same core elements, but at every stage Archilochus subverts expectations by offering something that parodies epic convention. Reading the Epode as a vulgar iambic reworking of an epic tradition not only gives us insight into its sophistication but also helps resolve some of the interpretative difficulties which have long plagued scholars working on the poem, and in particular helps us see what is achieved by the poem’s surprising ending

Web 2.0 and Commercial Disputes: A Case Study of Information Sharing in e-Arbitrations and e-

Businesses often depend on Mediation and Arbitration as mechanisms to resolve disputes outside of the judicial courts. This paper examines how the Internet is revolutionizing the legal world of dispute resolution. The paper analyzes data from the academic-business interface developed by two universities working together to make openly share information related to Arbitration and Mediation, on the lines of Wikipedia and YouTube. Their initial forays in this field have been a success, encouraging increased funding and further development of their website. This paper analyzes their success, gleaning insights about user behavior and acceptance of such initiatives. The paper also explores the utility of Web 2.0 for arbitrations and its future prospects