Phylogenetic distribution of shell colour in Bivalvia (Mollusca)

<div><b>Supplementary Material for Grant & Williams (2018) "Phylogenetic distribution of shell colour in Bivalvia (Mollusca)" </b></div> <div> <div> <div> <p><br></p></div></div></div><b>Colour photographs taken of museum specimens (NHM London) to illustrate colour characters of 81 bivalve clades. The numbering of clades here corresponds to the clade order in Figure 3. </b><div></div

Comparison of 2DSTE and 3DSTE.

<p>Data are mean difference±SD and 95% limit of agreement (LOA).</p

Speckle tracking echocardiography examples.

<p><b>A. Qlab 7.0</b>, this is an example of speckle tracking at the LV base level. A single layer of tracking points is placed on either the endocardium or epicardium ∼60° away from each other. <b>B. Qlab 8.1,</b> an example of the LV short axis at the apex level. A mesh tracks all layers of the myocardium simultaneously.</p

Characteristics of SABRE participants split by gender and feasibility of LV peak rotation measures.

<p>Data are mean±SD for numerical data and n (%) for categorical data.</p>*<p> = p<0.05.</p>**<p> = p<0.01 compared with individuals that had no rotation measurements by post hoc test following ANOVA. BP, blood pressure; CAD coronary artery disease.</p

Qlab 7.0 and 8.1 Intra-observer reproducibility.

<p>Reproducibility of endocardial and epicardial peak twist, rotation and time to peak rotation measured at the left ventricle apex and the base. Data are average difference ±SDdiff (ICC, concordance correlation coefficient).</p

Qlab 7.0 and 8.1 Intra-observer agreement.

<p>Bland & Altman plots a) Qlab 7.0 apex peak rotation at the endocardium b) Qlab 7.0 base peak rotation at the endocardium c) Qlab 7.0 apex peak rotation at the epicardium d) Qlab 7.0 base peak rotation at the epicardium. e) Qlab 8.0 apex peak rotation at the endocardium f) Qlab 8.1 base peak rotation at the endocardium g) Qlab 8.1 apex peak rotation at the epicardium h) Qlab 8.1 base peak rotation at the epicardium.</p

Qlab 7.0 Inter-observer reproducibility.

<p>Reproducibility data are average difference±SDdiff (ICC); t_max, time to left ventricular peak systolic rotation; ICC, concordance correlation coefficient.</p

Baseline characteristics of participants in the reproducibility studies.

<p>Data are mean±SD or n (%).</p

Association between carotid atherosclerosis and brain activation patterns during the Stroop task in older adults: An fNIRS investigation

There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that vascular disease could contribute to cognitive decline and overt dementia. Of particular interest is atherosclerosis, as it is not only associated with dementia, but could be a potential mechanism through which cardiovascular disease directly impacts brain health. In this work, we evaluated the differences in functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based measures of brain activation, task performance, and the change in central hemodynamics (mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)) during a Stroop color-word task in individuals with atherosclerosis, defined as bilateral carotid plaques (n = 33) and healthy age-matched controls (n = 33). In the healthy control group, the left prefrontal cortex (LPFC) was the only region showing evidence of activation when comparing the incongruous with the nominal Stroop test. A smaller extent of brain activation was observed in the Plaque group compared with the healthy controls (1) globally, as measured by oxygenated hemoglobin (p = 0.036) and (2) in the LPFC (p = 0.02) and left sensorimotor cortices (LMC)(p = 0.008) as measured by deoxygenated hemoglobin. There were no significant differences in HR, MAP, or task performance (both in terms of the time required to complete the task and number of errors made) between Plaque and control groups. These results suggest that carotid atherosclerosis is associated with altered functional brain activation patterns despite no evidence of impaired performance of the Stroop task or central hemodynamic changes.</p