Effectivity of Soil Amelioration on Peat Soil and Rice Productivity

Peat soil amelioration has important role on improvement of soil peat fertility such as  on increasing soil pH,  reducing organic acid and toxic ions, and also increasing nutrients availability.  Soil amelioration with polyvalent cations (Fe Al Cu Zn) namely slag, lateritic soils, and river mud are effectively reducing harmful effect of phenolic acid. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of soil amelioration on peat soil chemical properties, optimum temperature amelioran tras and dolomite to increase Si concentration in peat soil, also to determine the effect of soil amelioration on increasing crop productivity (both biomass and yield).  The study was consisted of two sets of experiments, namely soil incubation in the laboratory and greenhouse experiment with 4 replications of CRD (complete randomized design) plot design.  The result of the study showed that  the application of slag and dolomite are significantly different to increase pH, base saturation, and (Ca, Mg) content, meanwhile slag application was more complex and stable on improving chemical properties of peat soil.  Slag was also improving pH, KB, and Ca, Fe content  as well as silica and ash.  Tras and dolomite burning were not significantly different on increasing silica in peat soil. Slag application was significantly increased both dried crop biomass and yield on rice.  The best ameliorant was slag compared to tras, dolomite, and mixed tras dolomit with slag

Efisiensi Serapan Hara dan Hasil Padi pada Budidaya SRI di Persawahan Pasang Surut dengan Menggunakan Kompos Diperkaya

There are two main problems when system of rice intensification (SRI) cultivation is carried out at tidal areas, e.g. the presence of Fe which is potentially toxic to plants and low nutrients availability. Utilization of Azotobacter-enriched compost is a choice to overcome iron toxicity as well a source of nutrients. The aims of this research were to study the effect of Azotobacter enriched compost to reduce the rates of inorganic fertilizers applied, to increase the efficiency of N, P, and K uptake, and to increase plant growth and yield. Two rice cultivation methods were applied namely SRI and conventional rice cultivation methods on tidal lands (rice fields) of South Kalimantan. A completely randomized block design with two factors was applied. The main plots were SRI and conventional rice cultivation, and as subplots were eight types of fertilizer that is a combination between Azotobacter-enriched compost with inorganic fertilizers rates. The results showed that soil nutrient availability, uptake and efficiency of N, P, and K with SRI technique was higher than conventional cultivation. Azotobacter- enriched compost on the tidal land (rice fields) could reduce the use of N and K fertilizer by 25%. Furthermore, the efficiency of N and P uptake in enriched compost with 75% of fertilizer N, P, and K were not different with enriched compost with 75% of fertilizer. Ciherang rice yields with SRI cultivation was approximately 22% higher compared to that from conventional rice cultivation

Pengaruh Pengelolaan Air dan Genotipe Padi terhadap Keracunan Besi dan Produktivitas Padi di Lahan Pasang Surut Tipe Luapan B di Sumatera Selatan

The Effect of Water Management and Rice Genotypes to Against Toxicity of Iron and Productivity of Rice in Tidal Land Type B in South Sumatera. Tidal land is one of the alternative land to support increased productivity of rice, but rice productivity in this area is still low, and the land utilization is not optimal yet. One factor is high iron content in the soil that can be toxic to plants. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the effect of water management and rice genotype, as well as their interaction on the percentage of leaf bronzing, growth and yield of rice in tidal lands, (2) to select an alternative combination of water management and rice genotypes that may increase rice yields in tidal land. This study was conducted from February until June 2013 in the tidal area with type B overflow, Mulia Sari village, Banyu Asin regency, South Sumatera. The experimental design used was a split plot design with three replications. The main plot was water management with four levels, while the subplot was rice genotypes consisted of three genotypes. The results showed that water management and its interactions with plant genotypes had significant effect only on the percentage of bronzing, Fe content in shoot, and Fe content in root crops, while the plant genotype significantly affected all observed variables. The use of genotypes tolerant to iron toxicity (Indragiri) combined with (form stagnant and saturated water management) drainage with intervals of two weeks could give yield 6.8 and 6.2 t/ha respectively

Penentuan Metode Terbaik Uji Kalium untuk Tanaman Tomat pada Tanah Inceptisols

Penelitian tentang studi analisis kalium tanah dan aplikasi pupuk kalium pada budidaya tomat pada tanah Inceptisols dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan dan Rumah Kaca di Cikabayan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dari Bulan April hingga November 2011. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan metode ekstraksi kalium tanah yang terbaik guna menentukan dosis pupuk kalium pada budidaya tomat pada tanah Inceptisols. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan pemberian pupuk kalium pada beberapa tingkat dosis, yaitu 0, ¼, ½, ¾, dan 1X, dimana nilai X ialah 608,6 kg K O kg/ha dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan pemupukan kalium diterapkan pada 3 bulan sebelum penanaman tomat. Analisis korelasi dilakukan antara kandungan K tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman di dalam rumah kaca menggunakan media inkubasi berasal dari tanah setelah diberi perlakuan. Uji kalium tanah menggunakan lima metode ekstraksi, yaitu metode HCl 25%, NH422) OAc 1 M pH 7, Mehlich I, Truog, dan Morgan Vanema. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antara pengaruh perlakuan pupuk K terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan diameter batang tomat. Bobot segar biomassa dan bobot kering tomat juga menunjukkan perbedaan pengaruh yang nyata antarperlakuan. Nilai korelasi tertinggi ditunjukkan pada metode pengekstrak Truog melalui parameter bobot kering dan basah relatif tanaman (r = 0,7). Dengan demikian, uji K tanah menggunakan metode Truog dapat digunakan sebagai metode ekstraksi yang paling tepat untuk menganalisis unsur hara kalium dalam rangka penyediaan rekomendasi pemupukan K pada budidaya tomat pada tanah Inceptisols

The Physiological responses of four soybean varieties and their effect to the yield in several saturated soil culture modification

Abstract. Toyip, Ghulamahdi M, Sopandie D, Aziz SA, Sutandi A, Purwanto MYJ. 2019. Physiological responses of four soybean varieties and their effect to the yield in several saturated soil culture modification. Biodiversitas 20: 2266-2272. This study aimed to evaluate the production and physiological response of four soybean varieties in saturated soil culture (SSC), compared to conventional dry culture on tidal swamp soil growing media. Four popular varieties in Indonesia, namely Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Tanggamus and Malika, were planted on undisturbed intact tidal swamp soil from Jambi from November 2016 to March 2017 at Bogor. Randomized completely block design with two factors applied in this work, i.e. 4 varieties namely Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Tanggamus and Malika; and 9 culture methods such as dry culture as control of no SSC (i), 1 months SSC (ii), 1.5 months SSC (iii), 2 months SSC (iv), continuous SSC (v), 1 months SSC with water improvement (vi), 1.5 months SSC with water improvement (vii), 2 months SSC with water improvement (viii), and continuous SSC with water improvement (ix). The results showed that (i) pod production per plant was significantly affected by the interaction of both factors; (ii) different varieties lead to significant different of physiological response, i.e. photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency; (iii) the variation of culture methods only showed a significant effect on photosynthetic rate, i.e. saturated soil culture with water improvement (SSC WI) showed 48% and 18% higher photosynthetic rate than dry culture and regular SSC methods, respectively. Pod production was positively correlated to photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency; and negatively correlated to transpiration and stomatal conductance. The highest number of pod production per plant was achieved by Malika variety that planted in 2 months SSC WI.</jats:p