3D Stacked Cache Data Management for Energy Minimization of 3D Chip Multiprocessor

In this model a runtime cache data mapping is discussed for 3-D stacked L2 caches to minimize the overall energy of 3-D chip multiprocessors (CMPs). The suggested method considers both temperature distribution and memory traffic of 3-D CMPs. Experimental result shows energy reduction achieving up to 22.88% compared to an existing solution which considers only the temperature distribution.  New tendencies envisage 3D Multi-Processor System-On-Chip (MPSoC) design as a promising solution to keep increasing the performance of the next-generation high performance computing (HPC) systems. However, as the power density of HPC systems increases with the arrival of 3D MPSoCs with energy reduction achieving up to 19.55% by supplying electrical power to the computing equipment and constantly removing the generated heat is rapidly becoming the dominant cost in any HPC facility

Synthesis of peptides mediated by AgCN

1109-111

Fmoc-peptide acid chlorides : Preparation, characterization and utility in peptide synthesis

151-15

First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data

Spinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signalto- noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, narrow-band analysis methods have been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of 11 pulsars using data from Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. Although we have found several initial outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of the 11 targets over the bands searched; in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried out so far

Digital Measuring Tape

Nowadays, all kinds of measurements require human aid in one form or the other for the accurate measurements to be performed, until the proposal of this device. The proposed device ultrasound sensing technology that transmit ultrasonic waves and receive them with the ability to output the time delay between the transmission and reception of the ultrasound. Hence using this method, one is able to measure the distance between two objects without physical means of measurements. The device automatically calculates the distance as per the programmed code and displays the distance measured in meters. The SI unit can be changed if needed for more precision

Stilbenoid prenylation pathway discovery in peanut using targeted transcriptomics (Poster)

In peanut, Arachis hypogaea, defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses include the synthesis of prenylated stilbenoids, with over 45 such compounds identified to date. The diversification of secondary metabolites in plants is expanded by prenylation activities, and in recent studies this modification has been shown to enhance biological activities of polyphenolic compounds. We describe our discovery of genes responsible for stilbenoid prenylation* as well as studies underway to understand the regulation of these metabolic programs in peanut. Sequencing RNA from a well-characterized peanut hairy root system, we built a transcriptome reference and correlated transcripts with metabolites produced over a time course of elicitation. Transcripts encoding candidate enzymes were identified and characterized functionally by heterologous transient expression. Prenyltransferases we call AhR4DT-1 and AhR3’DT-1 catalyze distinct reactions, and our studies suggest that these act in the first committed steps that convert non-prenylated into prenylated stilbenoids. Here we highlight the functional transcriptomics that led to these discoveries, and our ongoing approaches to find other genes that act in the regulation of this defensive metabolic program. Our identification of the first plant stilbenoid-specific prenyltransferases advances the understanding of this specialized gene family, and contributes some of the functional definition that is needed generally to refine the annotations of plant genomes. *Yang T, Fang L, Sanders S, Jayanthi S, Rajan G, Podicheti R, Kumar TKS, Mockaitis K, Medina-Bolivar F, 2017. JBC, in press. Stilbenoid prenyltransferases define key steps in the diversification of peanut phytoalexins.This research is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. ABI-1458641 to Indiana University

Clinical skill learning for tomorrow’s doctors - a step towards better obstetric care

Background: Female urethral catheterization is the most commonly performed procedure in obstetrics and gynecology, for the assessment of urinary output. Many times catheterization is done by junior colleagues with improper technique resulting in improper catheterization and urethral injury. It is a must to know skill for every graduating medical student to avoid devastating consequences of performing it poorly. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of four step method of skill learning of bladder catheterization in female patients by interns and demonstrate the competency in the proper insertion and removal of an indwelling urinary catheter and also the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bladder simulator training for medical interns.Methods: A prospective, observational and skill imparting study done using a specially designed model, after ethical committee approval. 30 Interns were divided in to six groups of five each for skill learning. It was done with Kirkpatrik model using specially designed objective structured clinical examination forms and scoring sheets. Sample paired t test was used.Results: 80% of the interns could perform the skill with maximum scores.Conclusions: It is an innovative teaching learning method for incoming interns which will help them to improve knowledge and practice and finally reduce the risk of complications and injury.

Bronchiectasis in India:results from the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) and Respiratory Research Network of India Registry

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is a common but neglected chronic lung disease. Most epidemiological data are limited to cohorts from Europe and the USA, with few data from low-income and middle-income countries. We therefore aimed to describe the characteristics, severity of disease, microbiology, and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis in India. METHODS: The Indian bronchiectasis registry is a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. Adult patients ( 6518 years) with CT-confirmed bronchiectasis were enrolled from 31 centres across India. Patients with bronchiectasis due to cystic fibrosis or traction bronchiectasis associated with another respiratory disorder were excluded. Data were collected at baseline (recruitment) with follow-up visits taking place once per year. Comprehensive clinical data were collected through the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration registry platform. Underlying aetiology of bronchiectasis, as well as treatment and risk factors for bronchiectasis were analysed in the Indian bronchiectasis registry. Comparisons of demographics were made with published European and US registries, and quality of care was benchmarked against the 2017 European Respiratory Society guidelines. FINDINGS: From June 1, 2015, to Sept 1, 2017, 2195 patients were enrolled. Marked differences were observed between India, Europe, and the USA. Patients in India were younger (median age 56 years [IQR 41-66] vs the European and US registries; p<0\ub70001]) and more likely to be men (1249 [56\ub79%] of 2195). Previous tuberculosis (780 [35\ub75%] of 2195) was the most frequent underlying cause of bronchiectasis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism in sputum culture (301 [13\ub77%]) in India. Risk factors for exacerbations included being of the male sex (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1\ub717, 95% CI 1\ub703-1\ub732; p=0\ub7015), P aeruginosa infection (1\ub729, 1\ub710-1\ub750; p=0\ub7001), a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (1\ub720, 1\ub707-1\ub734; p=0\ub7002), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea score (1\ub732, 1\ub725-1\ub739; p<0\ub70001), daily sputum production (1\ub716, 1\ub703-1\ub730; p=0\ub7013), and radiological severity of disease (1\ub703, 1\ub701-1\ub704; p<0\ub70001). Low adherence to guideline-recommended care was observed; only 388 patients were tested for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and 82 patients had been tested for immunoglobulins. INTERPRETATION: Patients with bronchiectasis in India have more severe disease and have distinct characteristics from those reported in other countries. This study provides a benchmark to improve quality of care for patients with bronchiectasis in India. FUNDING: EU/European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations Innovative Medicines Initiative inhaled Antibiotics in Bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis Consortium, European Respiratory Society, and the British Lung Foundation

Mechanistic insights into the early life stage microbiota of silver pompano (Trachinotus blochii)

IntroductionDeep investigations of host-associated microbiota can illuminate microbe-based solutions to improve production in an unprecedented manner. The poor larval survival represents the critical bottleneck in sustainable marine aquaculture practices. However, little is known about the microbiota profiles and their governing eco-evolutionary processes of the early life stages of marine teleost, impeding the development of suitable beneficial microbial management strategies. The study provides first-hand mechanistic insights into microbiota and its governing eco-evolutionary processes in early life stages of a tropical marine teleost model, Trachinotus blochii.MethodsThe microbiota profiles and their dynamics from the first day of hatching till the end of metamorphosis and that of fingerling’s gut during the routine hatchery production were studied using 16S rRNA amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing. Further, the relative contributions of various external factors (rearing water, live feed, microalgae, and formulated feed) to the microbiota profiles at different ontogenies was also analyzed.ResultsA less diverse but abundant core microbial community (~58% and 54% in the whole microbiota and gut microbiota, respectively) was observed throughout the early life stages, supporting ‘core microbiota’ hypothesis. Surprisingly, there were two well-differentiated clusters in the whole microbiota profiles, ≤10 DPH (days post-hatching) and > 10 DPH samples. The levels of microbial taxonomic signatures of stress indicated increased stress in the early stages, a possible explanation for increased mortality during early life stages. Further, the results suggested an adaptive mechanism for establishing beneficial strains along the ontogenetic progression. Moreover, the highly transient microbiota in the early life stages became stable along the ontogenetic progression, hypothesizing that the earlier life stages will be the best window to influence the microbiota. The egg microbiota also crucially affected the microbial community. Noteworthily, both water and the feed microbiota significantly contributed to the early microbiota, with the feed microbiota having a more significant contribution to fish microbiota. The results illustrated that rotifer enrichment would be the optimal medium for the early larval microbiota manipulations.ConclusionThe present study highlighted the crucial foundations for the microbial ecology of T. blochii during early life stages with implications to develop suitable beneficial microbial management strategies for sustainable mariculture production

Site-specific ubiquitination exposes a linear motif to promote interferon-α receptor endocytosis

Ligand-induced endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of cognate receptors regulate the extent of cell signaling. Along with linear endocytic motifs that recruit the adaptin protein complex 2 (AP2)–clathrin molecules, monoubiquitination of receptors has emerged as a major endocytic signal. By investigating ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation of the interferon (IFN)-α/β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) subunit of the type I IFN receptor, we reveal that IFNAR1 is polyubiquitinated via both Lys48- and Lys63-linked chains. The SCFβTrcp (Skp1–Cullin1–F-box complex) E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates IFNAR1 ubiquitination and degradation in cells can conjugate both types of chains in vitro. Although either polyubiquitin linkage suffices for postinternalization sorting, both types of chains are necessary but not sufficient for robust IFNAR1 turnover and internalization. These processes also depend on the proximity of ubiquitin-acceptor lysines to a linear endocytic motif and on its integrity. Furthermore, ubiquitination of IFNAR1 promotes its interaction with the AP2 adaptin complex that is required for the robust internalization of IFNAR1, implicating cooperation between site-specific ubiquitination and the linear endocytic motif in regulating this process