Kadar Kalsium Dan Hemoglobin Dalam Jaringan Otot Rangka Dan Darah Pada Ayam (Gallus Gallus) Dan Burung Merpati (Columba Livia)

KADAR KALSIUM DAN HEMOGLOBIN DALAM JARINGAN OTOT RANGKA DAN DARAH PADA AYAM (Gallus gallus) DAN BURUNG MERPATI (Columba livia) Sunarno Nugroho Sastromiharjo1), Lalu Wahyudi1), Edwin De Queljoe1), Rooije Roogers H Rumende2) 1)Jurusan Biologi Fakultas MIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 2)Universitas Sariputra Indonesia Tomohon ABSTRACT The relationship between muscle contraction with the concentration of Ca2+ in which the concentration of Ca was instrumental in setting the contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the Ca ion positive framework it will bind to the protein troponin molecules on the structure of actin filaments so that the head of the fiber filaments are myosin filaments on myosin will be bound so sliding muscle fibers or the shortening of muscle fibers in another term occurrence of muscle contraction.This study was carried out in the laboratory of the pharmaceutical Department of the pharmaceutical Faculty of mathematics and natural sciences of the University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. On January-February 2016. This research was conducted on the examination and analysis of calcium (Ca) and Hemoglobin (Hb) in chickens (Gallus gallus) and pigeons (Columba livia). These studies use quantitative analysis by looking at the average value of the two types of samples. Hemoglobin in chickens (Gallus gallus) is lower than the pigeons (Columba livia) and its average value is the 13.53 g/dL for hemoglobin levels in chickens (Gallus gallus) and 16.88 g/dL for hemoglobin levels in the pigeon (Columba livia). The chicken had a calcium levels with an average rating of 3, 13 MCG/mL and the pigeons with the average value of the levels of calcium 6.6 MCG/mL. Hemoglobin Levels and calcium in chickens and pigeons, chickens have an average value of hemoglobin levels and calcium is lower than pigeons, due to the difference in the flying activity and muscle contraction work system on each animal, chicken and pigeons. Keywords: Calcium, Haemoglobin, Chicken, Pigeon ABSTRAK Hubungan antara kontraksi otot dengan konsentrasi Ca2+ dimana konsentrasi Ca sangat berperan didalam pengaturan kontraksi dan relaksasi otot kerangka ion Ca positif itu akan berikatan dengan molekul protein troponin pada struktur filamen aktin sehingga kepala dari serat filamen miosin akan terikat pada filamen miosin sehingga terjadi sliding serat otot atau pemendekan serat otot dalam istilah lain terjadinya kontraksi otot. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Farmasi Jurusan Farmasi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Pada bulan Januari - Februari 2016. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan dan analisis terhadap Kalsium (Ca) dan Hemoglobin (Hb) pada ayam (Gallus gallus) dan merpati (Columba livia). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan melihat nilai rata-rata dari dua jenis sampel. Hemoglobin pada ayam (Gallus gallus) lebih rendah dari merpati (Columba livia) dengan nilai rata-ratanya adalah 13,53 g/dL untuk kadar hemoglobin pada ayam (Gallus gallus) dan 16,88 g/dL untuk kadar hemoglobin pada merpati (Columba livia). Ayam mempunyai kadar kalsium dengan nilai rata-rata 3, 13 MCG/mL dan merpati dengan nilai rata-rata kadar kalsium 6,6 MCG/mL. Kadar hemoglobin dan kalsium pada ayam dan merpati, ayam memiliki nilai rata-rata kadar hemoglobin dan kalsium lebih rendah dari merpati, disebabkan adanya perbedaan aktivitas terbang dan sistem kerja kontraksi otot pada masing-masing hewan tersebut yaitu ayam dan merpati

Potential of Glutathione Antioxidant in the Hippocampus Repair: Preliminary Study on Bioactive Materials Antiaging of Snakehead Fish (Channa Striata) in Animal Models of Aging

Snakehead fish meat contains active ingredients with anti-aging potential that serves as a precursor of glutathione. The ability of glutathione as an antiaging opportunities in the utilization of fish meat, especially snakehead fish. Snakehead fish meat contains several important amino acids, such as glutamine, cysteine​​, and glycine so the potential to be developed for the production of food that is nutritious and healthy. This study examines the essential amino acid composition of the antioxidant glutathione precursors found in snakehead fish from Rawa Pening Central Java to increase glutathione in the body and brain. The results showed that every 100g of snakehead fish meat from Rawa Pening containing glutamine (32.39%), cysteine ​​(6.61%), and glycine (9.69%). Snakehead fish meat extract given at a dose of 30 ml/kg/day in both types of animal models of aging effect on the increase in the content of glutathione and glutathione precursors, both in blood and hippocampus. Increased glutathione precursor of the most high to low, respectively glutamine, glycine, and cysteine​​. Availability of essential amino acids can support increased glutathione in the brain. This is indicated by an increase in glutathione hippocampus in both animal models, both on chronological aging or aging due to oxidative stress, respectively (0.822 and 0.359) mol/g bb compared to control tissue

Mencari Kepala Daerah yang Jujur dan Adil

SElection becomes a means of the process of democratization that must be conducted directly, publicly, freely, undisclosely, reliable and fairness. Based on the above norms, especially for the local election, it is hoped that a responsible and potential capable local leader/chief and/or vice local leader/chief will emerge. Yet, there are many disappointed incidents that need to be concerned during and after the election complete, such as the fight between supporters' candidates, the unfair ballot counting, money politics and other dirty tricks. Those proved that the rules of law are still neglected during the local election. Considering that negligence, it is necessary (a) to recover the article 581 UU Number 32/2004 (b) to compromise between the law assurance, justice and benefits, and (c) to educate people about the culture of law, especially for the culture of personal law to be the open culture of law

Negara Hukum Yang Demokratis

Law must go on democrazy. Law without democrazy will be repress law. In the opposite democrazy without law will be anarchist. This short paper want to give explaining academy about democrazy and institutionalization in law and to contect Indonesia country, because in accordance to UUD 1945 our country is a state law where the authority in the hand of people. The analizing of my short paper use to decision of Conference The International Commision of Yurist in Bangkok 1965

Perbandingan Pemeriksaan Toksigenisitas secara Genotip dan Fenotip pada Beberapa Isolat Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Penyebab Difteri di Indonesia

Corynebacterium diphteriae's toxin can be detected by using in vivo and in vitro examination. Detection of the toxin using the Guinea pig is a gold standard. This method requires a long time and has been opposed by animal right organization. There is another alternative method such as vero cell cytotoxicity and Elek test. The limitation of these methods are reagent procurements, technical skill, and a long processing time. Other alternative method like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can overcome the limitation. PCR can detect the toxin quickly and the results can be interpreted easily. Some previous study showed there was the difference results between PCR and Elek test or vero cell cytotoxicity. The Aim of this study is to compare genotypic toxin detection using PCR and phenotypic detection using Elek test, on some isolates that caused diphtheria outbreak in Indonesia. A total of 12 isolates have been tested in this study. These isolates were obtained from the outbreak cases in Indonesia and isolated in Bacteriology Laboratory, Center for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Technology of Health. This study used reference strains as positive and negative controls (NCTC 10648, NCTC 3984 and NCTC 10356). All samples were examined by PCR for toxin genotyping detection, and Elek test for phenotyping detection. The results showed as many as 10 isolates were toxigenic C. diphtheriae while the remaining were non-toxigenic. There was no nontoxigenic tox-gene bearing (NTTB). There were no difference results between PCR and Elek test to detect the toxin. Base on the results of this study, there was a 100% conformity results between PCR and Elek test to detect the toxin of C. diphteriae