Pencegahan Kematian Ibu Dan Anak Melalui Pendekatan Strategi Komunikasi Pada Program EMAS (Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan: profil kematian ibu dan bayi baru lahir, (2) pelaksanaan program EMAS dari perspektif gender, dan (3) strategi komunikasi dalam melaksanakan program EMAS dari perspektif gender. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Brebes. Informan penelitian ini ditentukan dengan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, studi dokumen dan Diskusi Kelompok Terarah. Analisis menerapkan sistem analisis model interaktif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematian ibu dan bayi baru lahir masih tinggi. Itu sebabnya pemerintah daerah masih berjuang untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan perempuan. Untuk mencapai tujuan mengurangi tingkat kematian ibu, strategi komunikasi dirancang khusus dalam setiap program baris melalui: (1) meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan klinis dan manajemen dengan memproduksi peraturan dan sosialisasi melalui berbagai forum dan media, menciptakan jaringan dan koordinasi dengan stakeholder terkait, memfasilitasi untuk menghasilkan buku handout dan lokakarya; (2) sistem rujukan darurat diimplementasikan dengan teknologi informasi berbasis selular disebut SIJARIEMAS, yang ternyata menunjukkan hasil yang tidak optimal; (3) strategi komunikasi dirancang dengan memberdayakan organisasi sosial dan keagamaan seperti komunikator kesehatan, pendidik dan motivator di mana ia masih mengidentifikasi beberapa kendala dalam menerapkan jalur komunikasi , yang menunjukkan bahwa angka kesehatan rendah, kepercayaan tinggi pada mitos dan persepsi bahwa melahirkan bayi adalah kodrat wanita dan budaya patriarki

Breastfeeding and Occupational Stress and Fatigue of Female Workers in Garment Manufacturing Companies

Female workers have not been clearly defined in the legislation that supports breastfeeding. Moreover, a significant number of them experience occupational stress and fatique, which may disturb productivity. The research aimed to reveal the stress and fatigue level of breastfeeding female workers from garment companies in Sobosukawonosraten area of Central Java. Using cross sectional approach, this analytical survey involved 210 female workers of six garment companies across six districts. Furthermore, cluster snowball sampling technique was used to sample the workers, and chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Research results indicated a significant correlation between breastfeeding and occupational stress (X2= 15.307, p= 0.000) with an effect of 26.1% (C= 26.1; OR= 3.124); and another significant correlation between breastfeeding and occupational fatigue (X2= 15.307, p= 0.000) with a 55.5% effect (C= 55.5; OR= 30.82). On the whole, breastfeeding female workers have special needs and require attention from the companies in order to continue supporting good breastfeeding for the babies, who will become the nation’s future generation

Effectiveness of Ergonomic Chair Against Musculoskeletal Disorders in Female Batik Workers of Sragen District

The majority of female batik workers uses non-ergonomic chairs (dingklik) that pose risks of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to design an ergonomic chair and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing musculoskeletal disorders among the workers. This is a quasi-experimental study (using one group pre and post-test design) on 50 female batik workers selected by quota sampling. Musculoskeletal disorders were measured among the samples before and after the use of the designed ergonomic chair which they were asked to use for two months. T-test, ANCOVA, Wilcoxon test, McNemar test and Chi Square test were used for the analysis. The study found statistical significant differences of risk factor against musculoskeletal disorders among the workers before and after their use of the designed ergonomic chair (p=0.000); and of musculoskeletal disorders before and after using the ergonomic chair (p= 0,035). Body Mass Index (BMI) was identified as a confounding factor, and statistical significant difference of musculoskeletal disorders were also found among the workers with <25 and >25 BMI even before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033 and p=0.015 respectively). By ANCOVA statistical test, after controlling BMI, another statistical difference of musculoskeletal disorders was also identified before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033). It is concluded that the designed ergonomic chair is effective to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders

The Effect of Continuous Noise on Blood Cortisol Level in Textile Industry Workers

Background: Noise is one of the most important hazardous factors in industrial environments. It can damage auditory, visual, neurological, psychological and hormonal systems, and can deteriorate physiological and cognitive functions. This study aimed to examine the effect of continuous noise on blood cortisol level in textile industry workers. Subjects and Method: This was cross-sectional study conducted at PT. Iskandar Indah Printing Textile, Surakarta, Central Java. A sample of 75 workers in weaving section was selected for this study by purposive sampling. The sample was ≥20 years of age and had work ≥ 1 year. The dependent variable was blood cortisol level. The independent variable was continuous noise. Blood cortisol level was measured by ELISA method. Noise exposure was measured by San¬fix GM1356 sound level meter. Noise exposure was categorized in 3 groups (≥85 dBA, 70 to <85 dBA, <70 dBA). The data were analyzed by chi square test with odds ratio as the measure of effect. Results: Workers with noise exposure ≥ 85 dBA were more likely to have an increased blood cortisol level than counterparts with noise exposure 70 to <85 dBA (OR= 5.76; CI 95% = 1.36 to 24.36; p= 0.012). Workers with noise exposure ≥85 dBA were more likely to have an increased blood cortisol level than counterparts with noise exposure <70 dBA (OR= 7.94; CI 95% 1.88 to 33.49; p= 0.002). Workers with noise exposure 70 to <85 dBA were more likely to have an in¬creased blood cortisol level than counterparts with noise exposure <70 dBA (OR= 1.62; CI 95%= 0.45 to 4.20; p= 0.321). Conclusion: Noise exposure is associated with an increased risk of high blood cortisol level among textile industry workers. Keywords: continuous noise, blood cortisol, textile industry worke

Hubungan antara Aktivitas Poligalakturonase dengan Virulensi RAS 4 Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Cubense

One of the major constraints of banana plantation in Indonesia is the occurrence of fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. The pathogen produced series of cell wall degradation extracellular enzymes which have important roles in pathogenicity. Many studies have been conducted to know the role of degrading enzyme banana pectin is the major component of cell wall. Many pectinolytic enzymes such as polygalacturonase and others have been isolated from many fungal plant pathogens. The study was aimed to know the role of polygalacturonase towards the virulence of race 4 of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. The result showed that from 10 isolates of race 4 of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, the most virulent isolate was Lmp1 followed by Srg1, Bgl6, Mln1, Bgl3, A13, Bnt2, Gnk3, Kjg1 dan Wsb5. This was indicated by high and low percentage of wilting leaves of banana cultivar Cavendish when they were inoculated with these isolates. Incubation period varied from 3 to 6 weeks after inoculation SDS-PAGE showed that polygalacturonase, mostly PG1 and PG2, was secreted by these isolates, whereas PG3 was only found in growing cultures of Gnk3 and Wsb5 isolates. Detection of polygalacturonase activity with diffusion agar and reducing sugar methods showed that the activity of polygalacturonase secreted by F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense in the growing culture had no correlation with the virulence of the fungal pathogen. Salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya pisang di Indonesia adalah gangguan penyakit layu fusarium yang disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Jamur patogen ini menghasilkan serangkaian enzim ekstraselular pendegradasi dinding sel yang berperan dalam patogenesis. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran enzim yang mendegradasi pektin, yang merupakan komponen penting dinding sel tanaman. Beberapa enzim pektinolitik seperti poligalakturonase dan yang lainnya telah berhasil diisolasi dari berbagai spesies jamur penyebab penyakit tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan poligalakturonase terhadap virulensi ras 4 F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 isolat F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, yang mempunyai virulensi tertinggi hingga yang terendah berturut-turut adalah Lmp1, Srg1, Bgl6, Mln1, Bgl3, A13, Bnt2, Gnk3, Kjg1 dan Wsb5. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan tinggi-rendahnya nilai persentase daun layu yang ditimbulkan oleh isolat-isolat tersebut pada bibit pisang kultivar Cavendish. Masa inkubasi bervariasi dari 3 hingga 6 minggu setelah inokulasi. Uji SDS-PAGE menunjukkan bahwa pada filtrat pertumbuhan isolat jamur-jamur patogen ini disekresikan poligalakturonase (PG) terutama PG1 dan PG2, sedangkan PG3 hanya dijumpai pada filtrat pertumbuhan isolat Gnk3 dan Wsb5. Adapun hasil deteksi aktivitas poligalakturonase dengan metode difusi agar serta gula reduksi menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas poligalakturonase yang disekresikan oleh F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense di dalam filtrat pertumbuhannya tidak berhubungan dengan virulensi jamur patogen tersebut

Identifikasi dan Virulensi Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Cubense RAS 4

The aim of this study was to identify and to detect the virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) race 4. The isolates consisted of BNT-2, KD-1, U-8, BK, A-2, and A-13. Monospore isolation was done to obtain stable isolates. The detection and characteristics of isolates were observed on Komada medium. The diameter of colony and color was observed from underside of culture in petridish, while the shape of colony was observed from the upper side. Virulence test was conducted on Cavendish cultivar seedlings. Banana seedlings were inoculated with Foc cultured on rice medium (20 g/kg soil). The result indicated that A-13, U-8, BNT-2, and BK, were very virulent isolates; while A-2 and KD-1 were virulent. All isolates were detected as Foc race 4, with mild yellowish color and laccinated colonies on Komada medium. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksiras 4 dan virulensi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc).Isolat yang diuji adalah isolatBnt-2,KD-1,U-8,A-13,A-2, dan BK. Isolasi monospora dilakukan untuk memperoleh isolat yang stabil. Identifikasi dilakukan pada medium Komada. Pengamatan warna dan pengukuran diameter koloni dilakukan dari permukaan bawah cawan petri. Karakteristik morfologi yaitu bentuk koloni jamur diamati dari atas cawan petri. Uji virulensi dilakukan pada bibit pisang Cavendish. Bibit pisang Cavendish diinokulasi dengan Foc dalam medium beras sebanyak 20 g/kg tanah. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa isolat A-13,U-8,BNT-2, dan BK sangat virulen. Isolat A-2 dan KD-1 virulen. Semua isolat diuji termasuk ras 4 dengan ciri-ciri warna koloni agak kekuningan dan tepi koloni bergerigi pada medium Komada

Effect of Altitude and Wounding on Blood Disease Progress of Plantain

Effect of Altitude and Wounding on Blood Disease Progress of Plantain. In the latest decade, the blood disease of banana has spread in almost all provinces in Indonesia and caused wilting of millions banana clusters in several provinces. It is very difficult to control the disease due to the base data about ecology and epidemiology of the pathogen are still poorly understood. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of wounding of inoculation site on blood disease progress of plantain. The experiment was arranged using randomized completely block design It was conducted at three locations with altitude of 100, 1000, and 1600 m above sea levels as replication block. The treatments were wounding, unwounding inoculation site, inoculation, and uninoculation of plantain cv. Kepok Kuning Wounding was applied by stabbing with an injection pin around the corm of 15 stabs/seedling. The seedlings were planted singly in one liter of non sterile soil in plastic bag. Each treatment consisted of 5 seedlings which was replicated 3 times. Inoculation was done by soil drenching of 20 ml bacterial suspension at concentration of 108 cfu/ml two week after planting. The pathogen used for inoculation originated from low land area (about 100 m above sea level). Observation was done weekly for 5 weeks. The variables observed were wilt intensity and area under disease progress (AUDPC). The results showed that blood disease was able to establish at altitude of 1600 m above sea level. The disease progress however was slower that those at 100 and 1000 m above sea level. On wounded seedling, the disease progress was more aggressive than those on unwounded one

Pengimbasan Ketahanan Pisang terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium dengan Asam Salisilat In Vitro

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal in plant defense. It is used as induced resistance agent against Fusarium wilt. An artificial induction was conducted by shaking the shoot groups of banana tissue culture in liquid medium of Murashige-Skoog (MS). MS medium was added with 0 ppm (as control), ⅛ LC50, ¼ LC50, ½ LC50, and LC50 concentration of SA. Alive shoot groups were subcultured for about three months and were acclimated. Resistance test had been conducted in glass house by inoculated six months old banana seedlings with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). Leaves symptom were observed based on Leaf Symptom Index (LSI) and corm discoloration based on Rhizome Discoloration Index (RDI). The result of this research showed that induced banana seedlings had higher plant resistance to Fusarium wilt than control. Asam salisilat (SA) merupakan signal penting dalam ketahanan tanaman, digunakan sebagaisenyawa pengimbas ketahanan tanaman pisang terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Pengimbasan dilakukan pada kelompok tunas kultur jaringan pisang dalam medium kultur jaringan MS cair dengan konsentrasi SA 0 ppm (sebagai kontrol), ⅛ LC50, ¼ LC50,½LC50 danLC50.Tunas yang bertahan hidup ditumbuhkan sebagai bibit dan uji ketahanan dilakukan dirumah kaca dengan inokulasiFusariumoxysporumf.sp. cubense (Foc) pada bibit pisang umur enambulan pasca aklimatisasi. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap gejala layu pada daun (Leaf Symptom Index = LSI) dan diskolorasi pada bonggol (Rhizome Discoloration Index=RDI). Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa bibit pisang hasil pengimbasanmemiliki ketahanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol

Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Layu Fusarium Pisang (Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Cubense) dengan Trichoderma SP.

The aim of this research was to study the inhibiting ability of Trichoderma sp. to control fusarium wilt of banana in greenhouse condition. The experiments consisted of the antagonism test between Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) in vitro using dual culture method and glass house experiment which was arranged in 3×3 Factorial Complete Randomized Design. First factor of the latter experiment was the dose of Trichoderma sp. culture (0, 25, and 50 g per polybag), second factor was time of Trichoderma culture application (2 weeks before Foc inoculation, at same time with Foc inoculation and 2 weeks after Foc inoculation). Trichoderma sp. was cultured in mixed rice brand and chaff medium. The disease intensity was observed with scoring system of wilting leaves (0–4). The results showed that Trichoderma sp. was antagonistic against Foc in vitro and inhibited 86% of Foc colony development. Mechanism of antagonism between Trichoderma sp. and Foc was hyperparasitism. Trichoderma hyphae coiled around Foc hyphae. Lysis of Foc hyphae was occurred at the attached site of Trichoderma hyphae on Foc hyphae. Added banana seedling with Trichoderma sp. Culture reduced disease intensity of Fusarium wilt. Suggested dose of Trichoderma culture application in glass house was 25 g/polybag, given at the same time with Foc inoculation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan Trichoderma sp. untuk pengendalian penyakit layu fusarium pisang di rumah kaca. Penelitian meliputi pengujian daya hambat Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) in vitro dan kemampuan menekan intensitas penyakit di rumah kaca. Penelitian in vitro meliputi uji antagonisme dan mekanismenya yang dilakukan secara dual culture. Uji pengaruh Trichoderma sp. terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium dilakukan di rumah kaca dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah dosis biakan Trichoderma sp., dengan tiga aras (0, 25, 50 g/per bibit dalam polibag). Faktor kedua adalah waktu pemberian dengan tiga aras (dua minggu sebelum, bersamaan, dan dua minggu setelah inokulasi dengan Foc). Tiap perlakuan terdiri atas 10 ulangan. Intensitas penyakit diamati dengan sistem scoring (1–4) terhadap kelayuan daun. Biakan Trichoderma sp. ditumbuhkan dalam medium campuran sekam dan bekatul (2:1, g/g). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. bersifat antagonistik terhadap Foc in vitro dengan daya hambat terhadap perkembangan koloni Foc 86%. Mekanisme penghambatan berupa hiperparasitisme. Hifa Trichoderma sp. menempel, melilit pada hifa Foc sehingga terjadi lisis hifa. Lisis hifa Foc terjadi pada tempat persinggungan antara hifa Foc dan hifa Trichoderma sp. Hasil pengujian di rumah kaca menunjukkan bahwa penyakit layu Fusarium dapat dihambat dengan pemberian Trichoderma sp. dalam medium campuran dedak dan bekatul sebanyak 25 g pada per polibag yang dilakukan bersamaan dengan waktu inokulasi Foc