Pasteurella haemolytica in sheep: some studies on pathogenesis

Paateurella haemolytica. a common commensal of the nasal passages and tonsils of many healthy sheep, can, under circumstances still imperfectly defined, invade other tissues and cause severe and often fatal disease. Two distinct syndromes are recognized » acute pneumonia due to biotype A serotypes and acute systemic infection of 6 - 12 month old sheep with biotype T serotypes. For neither syndrome is the pathogenesis of disease properly understood and experimental reproduction of disease has been achieved only with pneumonic pasteurellosis. The main objective of the work described in this thesis was to contribute to knowledge of the pathogenesis of ovine pasteurellosis, particularly the systemic disease caused by T serotypes.By repeated tonsillar swabbing of 37 lambs from birth to 12 weeks of age it was established that the tonsils can be colonized within hours of birth, presumably through intimate contact between lambs and their commensally infected dams. Initially isolations were exclusively of A serotypes and untypable strains while T serotypes first appeared at 3 weeks but were the main isolations (>80%) by 9 weeks of age. In lambs under 2 months old a single topical infection of the tonsils with a mixed T serotype culture provoked a definite but transient local inflammatory response.On the basis of the foregoing result further attempts were made to reproduce systemic pasteurellosis in groups of 6 sheep aged between 7 and. 9 months. Superficial abrasion of tonsillar and pharyngeal mucosa caused a moderate, local inflammatory response but did not modify the activity of the pre-existing commensal population of T serotypes. Supplementary infection of abraded tonsils with a mixed T serotype culture did not exacerbate the local inflammatory changes. Conversely, when infection preceded abrasion more severe local lesions developed but there was no dissemination of infection.Experiments in mice demonstrated that the LD₅₀ of T serotypes of P. haemolytica could be reduced significantly (p<0.0l) by giving the mice ionic iron (ferric ammonium citrate) intravenously immediately before intraperitoneal infection. Similarly, sheep injected with iron developed a severe local reaction to experi¬ mental tonsillar infection with subsequent systemic spread of T serotypes.Verification of these findings was obtained in a single comparative experiment using 7-10 week old lambs. Within the experiment a gradation in severity of response to tonsillar infection was observed between:- a) infection of intact tonsils b) infection of abraded tonsils c) infection of abraded tonsils in iron-treated lambs.Only in the latter group was there evidence of systemic spread of infection.Antisera produced by immunizing chickens with live bacteria of selected individual serotypes were rendered serotype-specific and used for indirect immunofluorescence study of tissues from normal, diseased and experimentally infected sheep. In normal animals T serotypes were distributed only over the tonsillar surface and in relatively small numbers but in diseased and experimentally infected sheep P. haemolytiea had invaded the tonsillar crypts, breached the epithelial barrier and been disseminated to other organs. These findings support the hypothesis that in systemic pasteurellosis the tonsils may act as a primary focus of infection from which bacteria are dissemin¬ ated to other organs. However, the factors which result in the conversion of commensal P. haemolytica into invasive microorganisms remain undetermined.Though producing neither the full range nor severity of lesions encountered in natural systemic pasteurellosis, infection and abrasion of the tonsils of iron-treated sheep does result in a form of disease similar in onset and general pathology to that encountered in the field. Therefore it is a useful model for further pathogenesis studies

Framework for sustainability performance assessment for manufacturing processes- A Review

Manufacturing industries are facing tough competition due to increasing raw material cost and depleting natural resources. There is great pressure on the industry to produce environmental friendly products using environmental friendly processes. To address these issues modern manufacturing industries are focusing on sustainable manufacturing. To develop more sustainable societies, industries need to better understand how to respond to environmental, economic and social challenges. This paper proposed some framework and tools that accelerate the transition towards a sustainable system. The developed framework will be beneficial for sustainability assessment comparing different plans alongside material properties, ultimately helping the manufacturing industries to reduce the carbon emissions and material waste, besides improving energy efficiency. It is expected that this would be highly beneficial for determination of environmental impact of a process at early design stages. Therefore, it would greatly help the manufacturing industries for selection of process plan based on sustainable indices. Overall objective of this paper would have good impact on reducing air emissions and protecting environment. We expect this work to contribute to the development of a standard reference methodology to help further sustainability in the manufacturing sector

Sustainable manufacturing modelling : a case for milling process

In manufacturing industries, metal machining is very important process due to the competitiveness. Every manufacturer needs quick, effective and optimized processes. The experience of the operator plays a major role, but even for a skilled operator it is very difficult to attain the optimum values each time. Sustainability Analysis has attracted growing interests from industry, as an optimum cost estimation system analysis method, and energy consumption progress has been achieved. In this work, scrap production as well as production lead time have to be reduced and machining cost per kg of material is target. To reduce the cost, energy consumption and material wastage impact of the milling process worldwide many aspects of the process are investigated. In the present work, a system has been proposed, which can be used to determine various components of Sustainability analysis of milling process

Geometric design of the limaçon-to-circular fluid processing machine

A limaçon machine is a rotary positive displacement device, in which the housing and rotor are constructed of limaçon of Pascal curves. Previous works have been published to investigate the working of these machines in two applications: gas expanders and compressors. This article presents a theoretical investigation into the potential of modifying the rotor profile of the limaçon machines to simplify the machine's manufacturing process and to reduce production cost. The proposed modification will produce new characteristics for the housing-rotor interaction. An outcome that motivates the need to obtain new mathematical models to investigate the housing-rotor interference and describe the volumetric relationship of the new machine. This article also employs an optimization approach to design the best machine for a given set of operating conditions, i.e., expander, compressor, and pump. The outcome of this study confirms the validity of the proposed modification and its potential to produce a limaçon machine with favorable characteristics. Copyright © 2021 by ASM

DISRUPSI DALAM PEMASYARAKATAN PADA LAPAS KELAS IIB KOTA AGUNG

Pada artikel ini peneliti membahas tentang dirupsi yang terjadi dalam pemasyarakatan, terkhusus kebijakan terkait disrupsi yang diterapkan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Kota Agung. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa disrupsi merupakan bagian dari proses perubahan sistem informasi yang ada pada Pemasyarakatan yang disebut juga Sistem Database Pemasyarakatan atau disingkat juga sebagai SDP. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperjelas bagaimana penerapan Sistem Database Pemasyarakatan sebagai bentuk disrupsi yang ada pada Pemasyarakatan. Dalam mengkaji isi dari penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan cara pengambilan data secara langsung ke lapangan, di mana studi kasus diperkuat melalui wawancara terhadap infornan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini keudian dilakukan pengolahan akan standar kebijakan yang diterapkan terkait SDP. Dari hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan akan kebijakan Sistem Database Pemasyarakatan sebagai perwujudan dari perubahan sistem informais yang ada pada Pemasyarakatan telah dilakukan dengan cukup baik dan terstruktur

Peran Kepemimpinan Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai Di Lapas Kelas IIb Kotaagung

Kepemimpinan (leadership) dapat dikatakan sebagai cara dariseorang pemimpin (leader) dalam mengarahkan, mendorong dan mengatur seluruh unsur unsur di dalam kelompok atau organisasinya untuk mencapai suatu tujuan organisasi yang diinginkan sehingga menghasilkan kinerja pegawai yang maksimal. Dengan meningkatnya kinerja pegawai berarti tercapainya hasil kerja seseorang atau pegawai dalam mewujudkan tujuan organisasi, Jurnal ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dimana penelitian ini menggambarkan kenyataan dari kejadian yang diteliti. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini ialah wawancara sehingga memperoleh data-data yang relevan yang diperoleh dari informan. sehingga penelitian mendapatkann data yang objektif sesuai dengan sasaran untuk mengetahui serta memahami bagaimana Untuk mengetahui peran kepemimpinan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai Lapas Kelas IIB Kotaagung dan mengetahui gaya kepemimpinan yang diharapkan pegawai dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai Lapas Kelas IIB Kotaagung. &nbsp

Jim Crace's Arcadia: A New Variation On An Old Topic

The present paper aims to shed light on an old-new topic in literature and culture in general, i.e., the urban and rural modes of living as reflected in literature. Since times immemorial, this has been an underlying issue, engaging the minds of philosophers, writers, critics, sociologists and artists. As such, this article is devoted to exploring two aspects of this multifarious topic. The first one is a general survey of how writers from different cultures and times have responded to this issue and their priorities. The second presents a reading of Jim Crace's Arcadia (1992) as a contemporary handling of the country-city problematics

MEASURING FACTORS INFLUENCING THIQA PATIENT LOYALTY TO OUTPATIENT MEDICAL SERVICES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE EMIRATE OF ABU DHABI

The need to establish factors that influence the occurrence of a reduced rate of patient satisfaction and loyalty has attracted the attention of many healthcare and marketing scholars in recent years. Most of the hospitals managed by Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA) in Abu Dhabi have registered a decrease in the number of patients holding Thiqa insurance cards seeking outpatient care services, despite the fact that the Thiqa insurance plan is considered the preeminent insurance plan in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi for nationals of the United Arab Emirates. Therefore, this study is dedicated to evaluating issues that have inhibited the growth of satisfaction and loyalty among Thiqa patients and identifying factors that could enhance the retention of current customers. Correcting these factors would not only help hospital managements to enhance the excellence of care services they deliver to patients, but also provide financial benefits to these care facilities. The data in this study was collected via the use of structured questionnaires from 413 participants. The demographic characteristics of the respondents – such as marital status, age, gender, occupation, educational level, and frequency of visits – were taken into account as control variables during the data analysis process. The reliability of the questions to be included in the questionnaires was determined through the application of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis testing. Additionally, the SmartPLS 3.0 technique was applied to enhance the examination of data collected from participants, because it can provide graphical presentations of data through the application of strategies such as partial least squares-prediction-oriented segmentation, importance-performance map analysis (IPMA), and complex bootstrapping routines. The results of this research can be used to confirm the existence of a positive relationship between patient satisfaction and loyalty. To that end, facilitating the development of patient satisfaction will eventually lead to the promotion of patient loyalty. The results show that Thiqa patients are considered satisfied and loyal; however, they did not indicate that they were “very” satisfied (which equates to a score of five for all constructs) except for with regard to the cleanliness of the waiting areas. This indicates a potential risk that patients will be lost to competitors. The highest construct that scored high in satisfaction was tangibility, followed by patient-physician relationship, while satisfaction with the waiting time which is the time that patient entered the waiting area until leaving the hospital was last, with moderate satisfaction. The results revealed that most of the patients from Abu Dhabi are employed and married, and hence SEHA hospitals should consider these groups as the main consumers of their care services. Regarding the frequency of visits, 42.4% of the patients had visited SEHA hospitals more than five times, while only 10.7% had visited the hospitals once. The IPMA for patient satisfaction and loyalty indicated that the patient-physician relationship recorded the highest performance score, while the service quality, followed by hospital image, produced the highest score for importance. Thus, increasing the satisfaction rate of married patients will enable these hospitals to strengthen their image, and hence contribute to increasing patient loyalty. This study determined through hypothesis testing that service quality, word of mouth, and patient-physician relationship have a positive impact on patient satisfaction and an indirect effect on patient loyalty. In addition, hospital image has a positive direct impact on both patient satisfaction and loyalty and the partial mediation effect on loyalty. The results also showed that waiting time satisfaction had no impact on patient satisfaction and had no moderation effect on the relationship between patient satisfaction and patient loyalty. On the other hand, switching costs had a positive effect on patient loyalty but had no moderation effect on the relationship between patient satisfaction and patient loyalty. Another finding of this research is that there was a direct positive impact of patient satisfaction on patient loyalty. Recommendations to SEHA management for improving the results were discussed in depth. Although the objectives of the research were met, several limitations remain; these were elaborated upon and provided recommendations for further research