Additional file 1 of Comparative study of young-old and old-old people using functional evaluation, gait characteristics, and cardiopulmonary metabolic energy consumption

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Kinematic joint angle differences between the young-old and old-old groups. Supplementary Table S2. Kinetic peak joint moment differences between the young-old and old-old groups. Supplementary Table S3. Kinetic peak joint power differences between the young-old and old-old groups. Supplementary Table S4. Self-selected treadmill walking speed and distance in the young-old and old-old groups. Supplementally Figure S1. Peak ground reaction force over a gait cycle did not differ significantly between the young-old and old-old groups. IC: Initial contact (0–2%), LR: Loading response (2–12%), MS: Mid-stance (12–31%), TS: Terminal stance (31–50%), PSw: Pre-swing (50–62%), ISw: Initial swing (62–73%), MSw: Mid-swing (73–87%), TSw: Terminal swing (87–100%)

High-Energy-Density, Long-Life Li-Metal Batteries via Application of External Pressure

The application of commercially available carbonate-based electrolytes to Li-metal batteries (LMBs) is challenging because of the uncontrollable side reactions of the electrolytes with Li anodes. Herein, a practical carbonate-electrolyte-based LMB with a high areal capacity and long cycle life is proposed. The cycling stability of the proposed LMB is established by applying an external compressive pressure (1200 kPa) and a boehmite-coated separator to prevent the short circuit of the electrodes. The external pressure drives the growth of the Li metal as a dense uniform layer instead of dendrites and mitigates the formation of microcracks in the charged Ni-rich layered cathode. The unprecedented cycling stability of the stacked LMB with a Ni-rich layered cathode, retaining 82.0% of its initial capacity after 500 cycles, can prove instrumental in realizing practical high-energy-density LMBs, thus demonstrating the possibility of employing cell compression to increase the life and energy density of LMBs

Additional file 1 of Newly isolated Lactobacillus paracasei strain modulates lung immunity and improves the capacity to cope with influenza virus infection

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Administration of L. paracasei MI29 promotes the population of pDCs and monocytes. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to identify pDCs gated from CD45+CD11c+PDCA-1+cells and monocytes gated from CD45+CD11b+Ly6G− cells in lung tissues. Fig. S2. Oral administration of L. paracasei MI29 promotes host defense-related pathways in the lung from WT or A/PR8-infected mice. (a) Gene ontology assignments of differentially expressed genes significantly altered in the lungs from L. paracasei MI29-treated mice versus PBS or L. paracasei MI3-treated mice. (b) Gene ontology assignments of differentially expressed genes significantly altered in the lungs of A/PR8-infected mice treated with L. paracasei MI29 compared to those treated with PBS or L. paracasei MI3. Upregulated genes are shown for specific pathways of interest. Fig. S3. Oral administration of L. paracasei MI29 promotes the expression of genes related to the defense pathway in the lungs of WT or A/PR8-infected mice. (a) Volcano plot shows the log2-fold change in gene expression in the lungs of L. paracasei MI29-treated mice versus PBS or L. paracasei MI3-treated mice. (b) Volcano plot shows the log2 fold-change in gene expression in the lungs of A/PR8-infected mice treated with L. paracasei MI29 compared with those treated with PBS or L. paracasei MI3. Fig. S4. Metabolic profiles in the lung tissues from L. paracasei-treated mice. (a) Heat map displays the metabolic profiles in the lung tissues of mice treated with MI3 or MI29. (b) The principal component analysis plot shows the clustering between the mice treated with L. paracasei MI3 and MI29. A summary of metabolite enrichment analysis is provided based on the metabolites that showed significant variation in the lung tissues of MI29-treated mice compared with MI3-treated mice. Fig. S5. Characterization of L. paracasei to determine a novel strain. (a) Summary of genome annotation. Profiling of carbohydrate fermentation (b) and enzyme activity (c)

Table_1_Multichannel Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Gait Training in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.DOCX

BackgroundGait problems are critical impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are related to increased risk of fall and negatively impact activities of daily life. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can modify the cortical excitability of gait-related brain regions. In this study, we investigated whether multichannel tDCS with simultaneous treadmill gait training could improve gait in PD.MethodsTwenty-four patients with PD were assigned randomly to a real or sham tDCS group. Before intervention, one patient of the real tDCS group was dropped out, leaving 23 patients to be analyzed in this study. Each patient underwent 30 min of treadmill gait training for 10 sessions over four consecutive weeks. Multichannel 4x1 tDCS was applied using five 6-cm-diameter round electrodes. One anode was placed on the CZ, and four cathodes were positioned symmetrically over the FZ, C5, C6, and PZ. Anodal tDCS (2mA) and sham tDCS were delivered for 20 min. The secondary outcomes were gait performance, as measured by the timed up and go test (TUG) and freezing of gait questionnaire (FOG-Q), and balance was assessed using the dynamic gait index (DGI), Berg balance scale (BBS), and functional reach test (FRT). Motor and non-motor performance of patients with PD were assessed using the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Participants were assessed before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks after completion of the intervention.ResultsThe real tDCS group showed a significant improvement in the 10-m walk test, but the sham group did not. Among the secondary outcome measures, MDS-UPDRS part II, TUG, and BBS were improved only in the real tDCS group. Particularly, MDS-UPDRS part II showed a significant group*time interaction effect, indicating that real tDCS demonstrated a better effect on the activities of daily living patients with PD.ConclusionsThe results of this pilot study suggest that multichannel tDCS applied on the leg motor cortex during treadmill gait training is a safe and effective means to improve gait velocity in patients with PD. Additional rigorous, large-sample, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effect of tDCS as a therapeutic adjunct for gait rehabilitation of patients with PD.</p

Significance of Hydrophilic Characters of Organic Dyes in Visible-Light Hydrogen Generation Based on TiO₂

A series of dyes were synthesized to examine the roles of the hydrophilic characteristics of R in sensitized hydrogen generation by dye-grafted Pt/TiO2 under visible light irradiation. The hydrogen-generation efficiencies and optimum amounts of the dyes grafted to Pt/TiO2 were affected substantially by the hydrophilic and steric effects of R; moderately hydrophilic DEO1 and DEO2 showed higher sensitization activity at a lower loading than hydrophobic D-H