426 research outputs found

    The problematic art of illustrating 'Moxon's Tennyson'

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    The problematic art of illustrating 'Moxon's Tennyson'

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    No abstract available

    Environmental Impact Assessment Laws in the Nineties: Can the United States and Mexico Learn From Each Other?

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    The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) was the first major environmental law in the United States. The statute was devised to establish a comprehensive national policy which would ... guid[e] federal activity and provid[e] for a coordinated, informed approach toward dealing with environmental problems. Since NEPA\u27s enactment, agencies have been required to prepare environmental analyses, with input from the state and local governments, Indian tribes, the public, and other federal agencies, when considering a proposal for a major federal action. Although most of the environmental impact assessment law in the world is modeled on NEPA and the impact assessment process developed under that Act, individual countries often have specific requirements in their laws that differ slightly from the NEPA model. The differences between NEPA and the laws of other countries may be the result of cultural or temporal differences based on when each individual country\u27s environmental impact assessment law was adopted. Cultural differences reflect various socio-economic levels, geographic characteristics, and governmental organizational schemes. Countries that have adopted environmental impact assessment laws more recently often focus their policy on sustainable development or the right of human beings to live in a clean and healthy environment, in addition to the NEPA formula for environmental impact assessment

    Foreword

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    The University of Richmond Law Review is pleased to present the sixth annual Allen ChairSymposium issue. Through the generous support of the friends and family of George E. Allen, the annual symposium series provides a forum for discussion of legal issues of national and international significance. This issue of the Law Review is the literary complement to the symposium presentations

    What is boredom of the older person residing in long-term care? The development of a theoretical definition and a conceptual model.

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    In an ageing and "chronologically gifted" population (Lewis, 1998 cited in Tavormina 1999), quality of life for residents in long-term care facilities is under scrutiny. Boredom specifically has been identified as an issue for residents. Interventions have been introduced to alleviate boredom and long-term care facilities have also adopted philosophies of care to tackle perceived boredom. The familiar image of passive older residents sitting in chairs for most of the day, may summon up the concept of boredom. Boredom has been insinuated not only from its reporting but also from research that demonstrates a large amount of inactivity in this population. The purpose of this literature review is to clarify the nature of boredom in this setting, by exploring its definition and identifying its relationship to other factors. The review also highlights the significance of boredom to nursing. Publications were assimilated to identify key themes and gaps in existing the literature base. A concise definition and model of boredom was not found in the literature search, although boredom has been investigated using different methods based on different conceptual understandings. Therefore it was necessary to develop a more comprehensive definition and show relationships with other factors, which were identified and later divided into individual and environmental categories. Boredom was found to be associated with a number of different concepts such as inactivity, lack of engagement and mood disturbance. However, the concept of boredom seemed to merit investigation in its own right, as it involves investigating a subjective experience. Further study of boredom in this setting could involve operationalising the theoretical definition proposed, with research showing an awareness of factors related to boredom in this context

    Male-Male Clasping May Be Part of an Alternative Reproductive Tactic in Xenopus laevis

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    Male Xenopus laevis frogs have been observed to clasp other males in a sustained, amplectant position, the purpose of which is unknown. We examined three possible hypotheses for this counter-intuitive behavior: 1) clasping males fail to discriminate the sex of the frogs they clasp; 2) male-male clasping is an aggressive or dominant behavior; or 3) that males clasp other males to gain proximity to breeding events and possibly engage in sperm competition. Our data, gathered through a series of behavioral experiments in the laboratory, refute the first two hypotheses. We found that males did not clasp indiscriminately, but showed a sex preference, with most males preferentially clasping a female, but a proportion preferentially clasping another male. Males that clasped another male when there was no female present were less likely to "win" reproductive access in a male-male-female triad, indicating that they did not establish dominance through clasping. However, those males did gain proximity to oviposition by continued male-male clasping in the presence of the female. Thus, our findings are consistent with, but cannot confirm, the third hypothesis of male-male clasping as an alternative reproductive tactic

    Performing Christian Female Identity in Roman Alexandria

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    The Christian women of Roman Alexandria are something of a mystery, but they were integral to the transformation of religion. They Christianized the space they occupied, their bodies becoming houses for sanctity. While it is difficult to verify the accuracy of male representations of female subjects, discourse exposes the underlying assumptions upon which gender was understood. Reformed prostitutes, women who traveled to the shrine at Menouthis, collectors of pilgrim flasks from Abu Menas who sat in front of the Virgin Mary fresco at Kom el-Dikka, and virgins who shut themselves away--none of these women may have thought of themselves as men suggested. Yet when men referenced the feminine, they introduced alterity, indicating resistance to a master discourse or even competition among rival discourses. This negotiation, combined with a daily expression of agency through the use of space, reveals how women must have asserted their rights to salvation

    Transiting Exoplanet Studies and Community Targets for JWST's Early Release Science Program

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    The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will likely revolutionize transiting exoplanet atmospheric science, due to a combination of its capability for continuous, long duration observations and its larger collecting area, spectral coverage, and spectral resolution compared to existing space-based facilities. However, it is unclear precisely how well JWST will perform and which of its myriad instruments and observing modes will be best suited for transiting exoplanet studies. In this article, we describe a prefatory JWST Early Release Science (ERS) Cycle 1 program that focuses on testing specific observing modes to quickly give the community the data and experience it needs to plan more efficient and successful transiting exoplanet characterization programs in later cycles. We propose a multi-pronged approach wherein one aspect of the program focuses on observing transits of a single target with all of the recommended observing modes to identify and understand potential systematics, compare transmission spectra at overlapping and neighboring wavelength regions, confirm throughputs, and determine overall performances. In our search for transiting exoplanets that are well suited to achieving these goals, we identify 12 objects (dubbed "community targets") that meet our defined criteria. Currently, the most favorable target is WASP-62b because of its large predicted signal size, relatively bright host star, and location in JWST's continuous viewing zone. Since most of the community targets do not have well-characterized atmospheres, we recommend initiating preparatory observing programs to determine the presence of obscuring clouds/hazes within their atmospheres. Measurable spectroscopic features are needed to establish the optimal resolution and wavelength regions for exoplanet characterization. Other initiatives from our proposed ERS program include testing the instrument brightness limits and performing phase-curve observations. The latter are a unique challenge compared to transit observations because of their significantly longer durations. Using only a single mode, we propose to observe a full-orbit phase curve of one of the previously characterized, short-orbital-period planets to evaluate the facility-level aspects of long, uninterrupted time-series observations
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